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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diaspora communities
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Community that lives outside its homeland with specific intent on return. Originally only referring to the Jews, but now acceptable for any dispersion. When a community has been dispersed to many different parts of the world, we refer to it as transnational.
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Cultural retentions
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A cultural practice maintained with little change because it continues to serve some deep social function which change would compromise. Most commonly associated with religious rituals or rites of passage.
→ Byah Ke Git- Wedding Songs: Literal meaning forgotten, context understood- function in use |
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Cultural isolation
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music culture exists in isolation from its homeland, often lacks evolutionary stimulus.
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Klezmer
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eclectic musical genre associated wish Jewish (ashenazic) diaspora in North America- symbol of Jewish identity. Blend of influences: syncretic instrumental music for entertainment but also Bands of Klezmerism became wandering professional musicians throughout Eastern Europe
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Sephardic
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Large, influential Jewish diasporic communities in Spain, sent to medeterranean and Balkans
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Ashkenazic
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Jewish diasporic communities in Germany/Central Europe
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Yiddish
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German based with Hebrew words flourished in Ashkenazic communities
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Khazn
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The cantor who sings religious texts in Judaisim which are unaccompanied florid and vitruoso using old modes. Syllabic style. Melismatic style.
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Niggunim
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wordless songs sung by gypsies in JEwish communities: melodies bypass the burden of words in quest for oneness with God. Accompanied by clapping, stamping, enthusiastic dancing.
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Gitanos
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Spanish Gypsies: A community on the periphery of society, persecuted, ostracized: keep their own culture: Do not want to integrate. Now central to Spanish identity/popular image of flamenco
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Flamenco
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expression of triumph over despair; proud, aggresive display of self-esteem. Combination of song, touch and dance (Cante, Toque, Baile)
LISTENING: una gitana morena |
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Cante
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SONG
wild, fierce expressions of pain. Rough vocal tone, shouting, sobs, gesticulations: pauses, breaths, body and facial expressions Emotion dominates over text |
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Jaleo
Paililos Palmas |
encouraging shouts from other performers, promotes encouragement
finger-snapping hand clapping often using syncopation |
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Toque
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TOUCH
spontaneous accompaniment: organizes the rythmical lines of song- harmonic play based on mode Voice and guitar interact closely in dialogue as the guitar should reflect the mood of the singer. |
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Baile
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DANCE
Expression in movement of songs of flamenco singers- interpretation in movement, improvisation on basic set patterns very proud, controlled movements: physical/emotional control over body, intricate footwork |
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Nueva flamenco
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Syncretism: flamenco with popular music forms from North Africa, Latin America, blues
-revolution began in end of 1960's with guitarist Pace de Lucia and singer El Camaron de la Isla -->Gypsy Kings |
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Amis
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Largest group of Taiwanese indigenous people
LISTENING: Alan Tam0 Wang Bulaio Nin -woman evoking memories from home -Asian love ballad |
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Erhu
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Chinese two-string bowed instrument- Jack Hsu and the Hsu-nami; NYC prof-rock band with ancient Chinese violin front; accidental social uprise- TAIWANESE INDEPENDENCE
LISTENING: Hsu-nami's Passport to Taiwan -violin with rock drums |
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Kesbi
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PROFESSIONAL
Hereditery occupational specialization, earn money from music-low status/necessary for entertainment but socially reviled |
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Shauqi
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AMATEUR
those who know/play music with no earnings |
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Burqa
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Clothing used to cover Afghan women to protect modesty based on religious values.
The Blue Burqa band (electric guitar in Burqa's) used them as protest against Taliban/orthodoxy, disguise for safety, and a means of attracting attention (although ironically) |
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Muezzin
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appointed to lead and recite the call for prayer for every event of prayer or worship in the mosque. Community depends on him for accurate prayer schedule. Would have recited the adhan by the tower to be heard by all (now loud speaker)
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Azan (Adhan)
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The call to prayer lead by a muezzin
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Qur'an
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Holy book of Islam- The word of God as revealed to his messenger, prophet muhammad
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Qira'ah
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Pronounciation, supremacy of the text-not sung but read in perfect accuracy. There is a space between every line, melodic contouring of a general rising and falling like breath; all controlled by words: Melodic repitition is forbidden; new melodic lines must be created by inspiration of the moment
LISTENING: Abassa from the Holy Qur'an by Shiekh Abdul Basit Abdussamad -Accapella reciting the Qur'an |
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Heterophony
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two slightly divergent/alternative versions of a melodic line
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Sufism
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Islamic mysticism- science of direct knowledge and experience of God; focus on reality of God through an act that helps achieve Divine union (ectacy). Revere music as a method of connection.
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Dhikr
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REMEMBERENCE. Changing God's name(s); Hyperventilation produces exhilaration producing an altered state of consciousness (ASC)- Sufi brotherhoods
LISTENING: Dhikr- Chanting, grunting etc... Turkey: Whirling Dervishes Sufi sect- meditave/ultimately spiritual |
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Mevlevi
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Turkish Sufi order also known as the Whirling Dirvishes
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Sema
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THE RITUAL
High Brown cap: tomb stone, black cloak: grave, white gown: death (shroud)- Four Selam (orbits of planets around the sun) journey from recognition of God through ectacy of total surrender to Divine unity and peace of the heart |
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Mugham
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Modal system in Azerbaijan: historically a court tradition with close ties to music in Iran. Lyrics: Mustical Sufi poetry called Ghazal-creation of mystical states is the goal
LISTENING: Shur Mugham Ehsen Dadashov on the tar -solo instrumental song LISTENING: Shur Symphonic Mugham - Western-sounding symphony |
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Ghazal
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The Lyrics in Mugham- Mystical Sufi poetry
LISTENING: Shur Mugham Ehsen Dadashov on the tar -solo instrumental song LISTENING: Shur Symphonic Mugham - Western-sounding symphony |
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Oud
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Fretless short-necked lute
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Tar
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Fretted skin bellied long-necked lute
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Kemancha
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Skin bellied spike fiddle
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