Hm 3&2 Review Anatomy

Front 1

When the body is in the anatomical position, the thumbs point
1. medially
2. laterally
3. anteriorly
4. posteriorly

Back 1

laterally

Front 2

A person lying on his/her back is in what
position?
1. Prone
2. Erect
3. Supine
4. Lateral recumbent

Back 2

Supine

Front 3

The physical and chemical breakdown of
the food we eat is called
1. digestion
2. metabolism
3. anabolism
4. catabolism

Back 3

digestion

Front 4

The transfer of fluids across the plasma membrane of a cell from an area of lower
concentration to an area of higher
concentration is a process known as
1. infusion
2. diffusion
3. perfusion
4. osmosis

Back 4

osmosis

Hint 4

OSMOSIS—The diffusion of fluids through a membrane or porous partition.

Front 5

Homeostasis is defined as
1. control of bleeding
2. absorption, storage, and use of food products
3. self-regulated control of the body’s internal environment
4. the power of voluntary movement

Back 5

self-regulated control of the body’s internal environment

Front 6

The head of the humerus is called the
1. scapula
2. acetabulum
3. glenoid fossa
4. epicondyle

Back 6

glenoid fossa

Front 7

The bones of the wrist are classified as which of the following bones?
1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular

Back 7

short
· Long bones—femur and humerus
· Short bones—wrist and ankle bones
Flat bones—skull, sternum, and scapula
· Irregular bones—vertebrae, mandible, and pelvic bones

Front 8

Because this tissue is continuous throughout the body, if an infection were allowed to spread, it could reach every area of the body by moving through which of the following tissues?
1. Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Osseous
4. Fibrous

Back 8

Fibrous

Front 9

Bones of the cranium include which of the following?
1. Maxilla
2. Occipital
3. Atlas and axis
4. All of the above

Back 9

Occipital

Front 10

Moving an extremity away from the body is called
1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction

Back 10

abduction

Front 11

Intramuscular injections are frequently
given in which of the following muscles?
1. Trapezius
2. Pectoralis majoris
3. Deltoid
4. All of the above

Back 11

Deltoid

Front 12

Intramuscular injections are usually given in which of the following muscles?
1. Quadriceps
2. Sartorius
3. Gastrocnemius
4. Gluteus maximus

Back 12

Gluteus maximus

Front 13

The total blood volume in the average adult is in what ranges?
1. 3 to 4 liters
2. 4 to 5 liters
3. 5 to 6 liters
4. 6 to 7 liters

Back 13

Total blood volume of the average adult is 5 to 6 liters.

Front 14

Actin and myosin are the two protein substances involved in
1. muscle recovery
2. muscle nourishment
3. muscle contraction
4. rigor mortis

Back 14

The chemical action of muscle fibers consists of two stages, contraction and recovery. In the contraction stage, two protein substances (actin and myosin) react to provide energy through the breakdown of glycogen into lactic acid.

Front 15

A decreased red blood cell (RBC) count could be the result of a medical condition affecting the
1. compact bone
2. periosteum
3. yellow marrow
4. red marrow

Back 15

Red marrow is one of the manufacturing centers of red blood cells and is found in the articular ends of long bones and in
cancellous tissue.

Front 16

Of the following nerves, which, if any, controls the larynx during the process of breathing?
1. Phrenic
2. Intercostal
3. Vagus
4. None of the above

Back 16

Vagus...The nerve that controls the diaphragm is called the phrenic nerve; the nerve that controls the larynx is the vagus nerve; and the nerves that control the muscles between the ribs are the intercostal nerves.

Front 17

The 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of
spinal nerves form what nervous system?
1. Peripheral
2. Central
3. Autonomic
4. Sympathetic

Back 17

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the nerves that branch out from the CNS and connect it to the other parts of the body.

Front 18

The autonomic nervous system is composed of two main divisions: the
1. pons and medulla oblongata
2. voluntary and involuntary systems
3. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
4. cerebrum and cerebellum

Back 18

Autonomic nervous system includes two subdivisions (the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) that act together.

Front 19

Hormones secreted by the endocrine system are
1. secreted directly into the gland, tissue, or organ it influences
2. directed to the gland, tissue, organ by a duct system
3. secreted into the circulatory system
4. typically produced in large quantities

Back 19

Minute amounts of these hormones are secreted from endocrine gland cells into the blood and distributed by the circulatory system.

Front 20

An insufficient secretion of thyroxin is
characterized by all of the following
symptoms EXCEPT
1. weight gain
2. fatigue
3. profuse sweating
4. slowed heart rate

Back 20

A condition known as hypothyroidism is caused by an insufficient secretion of thyroxin. There may be a weight gain and constant fatigue.

Front 21

The inner part of the eye derives its
nourishment primarily from the vascular
structure of what tissue?
1. Conjunctiva
2. Sclera
3. Vitreous humor
4. Choroid

Back 21

The middle layer of the eye is called the choroid. This layer is a highly vascular, pigmented tissue that provides nourishment to the inner structures

Front 22

Dilation of the pupil, a muscular response of the iris, normally occurs as a result of what?
1. Increased intensity of light
2. Decrease intensity of light
3. Irritation to the sclera
4. Irritation to the conjunctiva

Back 22

Decrease intensity of light
If the light is dim, the pupil dilates to allow as much of the light in as possible.

Front 23

Of the elements listed below, which makes
seeing in the dark possible?
1. Rods
2. Cones
3. Iris
4. Choroid

Back 23

Rods respond to low intensities of light and are responsible for night vision.

Front 24

By what process is three-dimensional vision produced?
1. Accommodation
2. Convergence
3. Refraction
4. Stimulation

Back 24

Convergence, produces clear, three-dimensional vision.

Front 25

The mechanical transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is a function of which of the following?
1. Auditory ossicles
2. Eustachian tube
3. Bony labyrinth
4. Organ of Corti

Back 25

It contains three auditory ossicles which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the fluid in the inner ear.

Front 26

The gallbladder performs which of the following purposes?
1. Stimulates the production of insulin
2. Stores bile
3. Metabolizes sugars
4. Produces antibodies

Back 26

Stores bile

Front 27

Absorption of food occurs predominantly in which of the following areas of the intestines?
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
4. Cecum

Back 27

Most of the absorption of food occurs in the ileum, where fingerlike projections (villi) provide a large absorption surface.

Front 28

What is the approximate total capacity of the adult bladder?
1. 250 ml
2. 300 ml
3. 600 ml
4. 750 ml

Back 28

The bladder can hold up to 600 ml of urine. The desire to urinate may not occur until the bladder contains 250-300 ml.

Front 29

Which of the following is/are considered the primary female reproductive organs?
1. Ovaries
2. Fallopian tubes
3. Uterus
4. Endometrium

Back 29

The primary female reproductive organs are the ovaries.

Front 30

The sterilization method of choice for most articles used in surgery is
1. dry heat
2. steam under pressure
3. ethylene oxide gas
4. soaking in glutaraldehyde

Back 30

Steam under pressure (autoclave) is the most dependable and economical method of sterilization.