Hm 22 Poisoning And Drug Abuse

Front 1

A _____ is a substance that, when introduced into the body, produces a harmful effect on normal body structures or functions.

Back 1

poison

Front 2

______ is the science of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them.

Back 2

Toxicology

Front 3

A ______ is defined as the presence of signs or symptoms associated with exposure or contact with a substance.

Back 3

poisoning

Front 4

ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF PATIENT (6)

Back 4

1. Stablization,
2. Evaluation,
3. Prevention or limitation of absorption (charcoal and cathartics),
4. Elimination enhancement,
5. Adminstration of specific antidotes (< 5%),
6. Continuing care and disposition.

Front 5

What Toxidromes?
“beady eyes,” sunglasses, decreased blood pressure, CNS and respiratory depression (opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates)

Back 5

Narcotic

Front 6

diarrhea, dilated pupils, goose bumps, increased heart rate, tearing, yawning, stomach cramps, hallucinations (alcohol, barbiturates)

Back 6

Withdrawal

Front 7

CNS excitation (confusion, in-coordination, agitation, hallucination, delirium, seizures), increased blood pressure and heart rate (caffeine, LSD, PCP, amphetamine, cocaine, decongestants) - epinephrine

Back 7

Sympathomimetic 交感神经作用

Front 8

dry skin, increased heart rate, dilated pupils, fever, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, CNS excitation (antihistamines, atropine, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antispasmodics, hallucinogens and antidepressants) - atropine

Back 8

Anticholinergic

Front 9

“SLUDGE,” increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation 随地大小便, GI cramping, emesis; CNS (headache, restless, anxiety, confusion, coma, seizures); muscle weakness and fasciculation (carbamates)

Back 9

Cholinergic

Front 10

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Dyes, insecticides, paint, printer sink, wood preservatives

Back 10

Arsenic 砷

Front 11

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Antifouling paint, batteries, canvas preservative, copper plating, electroplating, fungicides, insecticides, soldering, wood preservatives

Back 11

Copper

Front 12

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Antiseptics

Back 12

Iodine

Front 13

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Bactericides, batteries, dental supplies and appliances, disinfectants, dyes, fungicides, ink, insecticides, laboratories, photography, wood preservatives

Back 13

Mercury

Front 14

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Incendiaries 燃烧弹, matches, pesticides, rat poison

Back 14

Phosphorus

Front 15

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Batteries, cleaning solutions, ink, photographic film, silver polish, soldering

Back 15

Silver nitrate

Front 16

Sources of Contact for what Irritant?
Disinfectants, electroplating, fungicides, galvanizing, ink, insecticides, matches, metal plating and cutting, paint, soldering, wood preservatives

Back 16

Zinc

Front 17

Examples for ACIDS:

Back 17

Hydrochloric, Nitric, Oxalic, Sulfuric

Front 18

Examples for ALKALIES

Back 18

Ammonia, Lime, Lye, Carbolic 石炭酸, 酚

Front 19

Examples for PHENOLS

Back 19

Cresol对甲酚, Creosote木馏油

Front 20

_____ is the method of choice for Inhaled poisons.

Back 20

Oxygen ventilation

Front 21

______ poisons: Removal of the poison is primarily attained by cleansing the skin

Back 21

Absorbed poisons

Front 22

_____ poisons: Antidotal medications are recommended

Back 22

Injected poisons

Front 23

Petroleum Distillates or Hydrocarbons:
If a physician or PCC cannot be reached, give the victim _______.

Back 23

30 to 60 ml (1-2 oz) of vegetable oil

Front 24

Sources for Narcotic

Back 24

opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates

Front 25

Sources for Withdrawal

Back 25

alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, sedative-hypnotics

Front 26

Sources for Sympathomimetic (alkaloidal poison)

Back 26

caffeine, amphetamine, cocaine, decongestants

Front 27

Sources for Anticholinergic

Back 27

antihistamines, atropine, antidepressants, antipsychotics, mushrooms, hallucinogens

Front 28

Sources for Cholinergic

Back 28

carbamates 氨基甲酸酯, physostigmine 毒扁豆碱

Front 29

______ adsorbs many substances in the stomach and prevents absorption into the body.

Back 29

Activated charcoal

Front 30

First aid for most forms of noncorrosive poisoning, _____ is the most commonly used substance to which an HM will have access.
And _______ adsorbs many substances in the stomach and prevents absorption into the body.

Back 30

Ipecac syrup
Activated charcoal (AC)

Front 31

The _______ spider is identified by the red hourglass-shaped spot on its belly.

Back 31

female black widow

Front 32

_____'s bite causes a dull, numbing pain, which gradually spreads from the region of the bite to the muscles of the entire torso. The pain becomes severe, and a board-like rigidity of the abdominal muscles is common.

Back 32

female black widow

Front 33

The ______ spider is identified by its violin-shaped marking.

Back 33

brown recluse

Front 34

______'s bite may initially go unnoticed, but after several hours, a bleb develops over the site, and rings of erythema红斑begin to surround the bleb. 大疱

Back 34

brown recluse

Front 35

Viperidae includes: ______.
Death results mainly by ______ and shock.

Back 35

rattlesnakes, moccasins, adders, bushmasters and vipers
coagulopathy (a blood clotting disorder)

Front 36

Elapidae includes: ______.
Death results from _____ venom that causes respiratory failure, paralysis, and cardiac failure.

Back 36

cobras, kraits, mambas, and coral snakes
neurotoxic

Front 37

_____ withdrawal is LIFE THREATENING.

Back 37

barbiturate

Front 38

Examples of Stimulants:

Back 38

AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, DEXTROAMPHETAMINES, METHAMPHETAMINES

Front 39

Examples of Depressant:

Back 39

AMOBARBITAL, BARBITURATES, PHENOBARBITAL, NONBARBITURATES SEDATIVES

Front 40

Examples of Opium & Opium Alkaloids:

Back 40

CODEINE, HEROIN, MORPHINE OPIUM, TYLENOL

Front 41

Examples of Mind-Altering Drugs:

Back 41

Hallucinogenic, MARIJUANA

Front 42

Examples of Inhalants:

Back 42

AMYL NITRATE, BUTYL NITRATE, FURNITURE
POLISH, GASOLINE, GLUE, HAIR SPRAY,
NAIL POLISH
REMOVER, PAINT THINNER

Front 43

22-6. Which of the following is the method of choice for the HM to use to induce vomiting?
1. 15-30 cc of syrup of Ipecac
2. 2 teaspoonfuls of dry mustard in water
3. 2 teaspoonfuls of an active charcoal slurry
4. To tickle the back of the victim’s throat

Back 43

1. 15-30 cc of syrup of Ipecac

Front 44

22-8. If the HM is unable to reach the poison control center or a physician for specific instructions, how should the HM treat a victim who has ingested turpentine?
1. Induce vomiting and observe
2. Give 1 to 2 ounces of vegetable oil orally
3. Neutralize the poison with vinegar and water
4. Give 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls of milk of magnesia

Back 44

2. Give 1 to 2 ounces of vegetable oil orally

Volatile petroleum products (such as kerosene, gasoline, turpentine, and related petroleum products like red furniture polish).....

Front 45

22-12. The victim of a scorpion sting may safely be given any of the following pharmaceuticals EXCEPT?
1. Demerol or morphine
2. Calcium gluconate
3. Valium
4. All the above are acceptable

Back 45

1. Demerol or morphine

Morphine and meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) may worsen the respiratory depression from the venom of Centruroides exilicauda (Scorpion).
4. Calcium gluconate, 10 ml of 10 percent solution, may be given intravenously to relieve muscle cramps.
5. Benzodiazepines (Valium and Midazolam) may be used to control excitability and convulsions.

Front 46

There is a saying that only applies to NORTH American coral snakes: "_____".

Back 46

"Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack.”

Front 47

22-26. Central nervous system stimulants are used for all of the following EXCEPT?
1. Decrease mental alertness
2. Combat drowsiness
3. Fatigue
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Back 47

4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 多动症

The stimulants directly affect the central nervous system by increasing mental alertness and combating drowsiness and fatigue.

Front 48

____ is legitimately used in the treatment of conditions such as mild depression, obesity, narcolepsy (sleeping sickness) and attention-deficit/
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Back 48

amphetamines

Front 49

22-27. Signs and symptoms of stimulant intoxication include all of the following EXCEPT?
1. Hypertension
2. Increased appetite
3. Dilated pupils
4. Increased body temperature

Back 49

2. Increased appetite

Dilated pupils (mydriasis瞳孔散大)

Front 50

22-28. A person may display which of the following sign(s) after using a hallucinogenic drug?
1. Pin-pointed pupils
2. Decreased heartbeat
3. Flushed face
4. Both 2 and 3 above

Back 50

3. Flushed face

The symptoms of hallucinogenic drugs include dilated pupils, flushed face, increased heartbeat, and a chilled feeling.

Front 51

22-29. Marijuana falls into which of the following categories of drugs?
1. Barbiturate
2. Physically addicting
3. Cannabis
4. Harmless

Back 51

3. Cannabis

Cannabis sativa commonly known as marijuana.