Hm 09 Preventive Medicine And Infection Control

Front 1

____ is defined as the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes.

Back 1

Sanitation

Front 2

Factors that can affect habitability of working and berthing spaces are __, __, and __.

Back 2

air ventilation, heating, and air conditioning.

Front 3

A ___ is any animal capable of transmitting pathogens or producing human or animal discomfort or injury.

Back 3

vector

Front 4

____ are organisms (insects, rodents, snakes, etc.) that adversely affect military operations and the well-being of man and animal; attack real property, supplies, and equipment; or are otherwise undesirable.

Back 4

Pests

Front 5

For guidance on safe time limits for keeping food, proper storage temperatures, and storage life of perishable and semi-perishable items, refer to tables in ____ instruction.

Back 5

Naval Supply Publication 486,

Front 6

Requirements for food service training are addressed in ____.

Back 6

SECNAVINST 4061.1 series, Food Service Training Program

Front 7

The findings of the inspection are reported on a ____.

Back 7

NAVMED Form 6240/1, Food Service Sanitation Inspection.

Front 8

Vaccines used to protect Navy and Marine Corps personnel against certain diseases before exposure to infection are called ____. (Limited to very serious diseases)

Back 8

prophylactic immunizations 预防性免疫接种

Front 9

To make sure personnel are prepared for deployment, HMs should review ________(Inst) and review the immunization records on a routine basis including before deployments.

Back 9

BUMEDINST 6230.15 series, Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis,

Front 10

An important step in the control of communicable disease is the expeditious preparation and submission of the ____.

Back 10

Medical Event Report.

Front 11

Control of Communicable Diseases Manual

Back 11

NAVMED P-5038

Front 12

Medical Event Report

Back 12

BUMEDINST 6220.12 series

Front 13

________ (Instruction) sets drinking water standards for U.S. Naval establishments worldwide, both ashore and afloat.

Back 13

BUMEDINST 6240.1 series, Standards for Potable Water

Front 14

Standards for Potable Water

Back 14

BUMEDINST 6240.1 series

Front 15

Potable water for shipboard use comes from one of several sources: ___, ___ and ___.

Back 15

the ship’s distillation plant, shore-to-ship delivery, or ship-to-ship transfer.

Front 16

The ____ is one of the most important measures for controlling water-borne diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever.

Back 16

proper disposal of waste materials

Front 17

The overboard discharge of untreated sewage from DoD ships within the navigable waters of the United States and the territorial seas (within _____ miles of shore) is prohibited by federal law.

Back 17

three nautical miles

Front 18

Nosocomial 医院 Infection Control Program

Back 18

BUMEDINST 6220.9 Series

Front 19

The HM’s command will develop local standard infection control policies and written protocols following ___, ___ and ___.

Back 19

NAVMED P-5010; BUMEDINST 6220.9 Series, Nosocomial医院Infection Control Program; and BUMEDINST 6600.10 series, Dental Infection Control Program.

Front 20

___ and ___ must appoint, in writing an ____ to assist in implementing an infection control program.

Back 20

COs, Officers in Charge (OIC), Infection Control Officer (ICO)

Front 21

The state of being free of pathogenic organisms

Back 21

Asepsis

Front 22

Free from all living micro-organisms

Back 22

Sterile, Sterility

Front 23

Process that destroys all types and forms of micro-organisms.

Back 23

Sterilization

Front 24

A drug or chemical that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without necessarily destroying them.

Back 24

Antiseptic

Front 25

To cleanse something so as to destroy or prevent the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms

Back 25

Disinfected

Front 26

An infection resulting from treatment in a hospital and is secondary to the patient's original condition; it is unrelated to the primary diagnosis.

Back 26

Nosocomial Infection

Front 27

those practices used to prevent the transfer of pathogenic organisms from person to person, place to place, or person to place.

Back 27

Medical asepsis

Front 28

9-28. What is the term used to describe the sterilization, storage and handling of articles to keep them free of pathogenic organisms?
1. Surgical aseptic technique
2. Spray-wipe-spray
3. Medical asepsis
4. Isolation technique

Back 28

1. Surgical aseptic technique

Front 29

A diagnostic test of a prevacuum sterilizer’s ability to remove air from the chamber and detect air leaks. This (is/ is not) a sterility assurance test.

Back 29

Bowie-Dick Type Test
This is not a sterility assurance test.

Front 30

The destruction or inhibition of most viruses and bacteria while in their active growth phase; does not necessarily kill all spores nor can it be verified by a monitor.

Back 30

Chemical Disinfection

Front 31

The reproduction and growth of micro-organisms in living tissue cells or on a nutrient medium is called ______.

Back 31

Culture

Front 32

Dental items are classified as ___, ___ and ___ based on the pathways through which cross-contamination may occur and the location and technique of instrument use.

Back 32

critical, semi-critical or non-critical

Front 33

Instruments and materials that penetrate the skin, mucous membranes, or bone; these items must be sterile before use. Examples include surgical instruments, periodontal knives, and suture needles.

Back 33

Critical Items

Front 34

Instruments, equipment, or materials that frequently contact mucous membranes, but cannot be sterilized because of their design or inability to withstand heat. At minimum these items require high-level disinfection. Examples include some radiographic positioning devices and plastic impression trays.

Back 34

Semi-Critical Items

Front 35

_____ are instruments, equipment, or materials that do not normally penetrate or contact mucous membranes but which are exposed to splatters, sprays, or splashing of blood, or are touched by contaminated hands. These items require intermediate-level disinfection. Examples include the dental unit and medical exam table.

Back 35

Non-critical Items

Front 36

An acceptable method of cleaning and disinfecting

Back 36

Spray-Wipe-Spray

Front 37

_____ are micro-organisms that are much smaller than bacteria. Some of the most common diseases caused by them are colds, smallpox, measles麻疹, rubella风疹, herpes simplex, AIDS, and hepatitis. They are usually not affected by therapeutic treatment with antibiotics.

Back 37

Viruses

Front 38

_____ are single-celled animals that do not have a rigid cell wall.

Back 38

Protozoa

Front 39

____ are plants that lack chlorophyll 叶绿素.Mold spores are easily destroyed by ___.

Back 39

Fungi
heat

Front 40

______ are intended to reduce the transmission of microorganisms from recognized and unrecognized sources of infection.

Back 40

Standard Precautions

Front 41

______ is a subset of Standard Precautions focusing on the infection control methods to prevent the spread of disease from blood and body fluids from direct contact by utilizing gloves, gown, goggles, and mask.

Back 41

Universal Precautions

Front 42

The skin harbors two types of flora, _____ and _____.

Back 42

resident or normal flora常住菌群and transient flora瞬态菌群.

Front 43

Resident organisms’ characteristics:

Front 44

Transient bacteria characteristics:

Front 45

______ —these are water soluble complexes of iodine with organic compounds that are effective against all gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses.

Back 45

IODOPHORS碘伏

Front 46

_____: this antiseptic is usually marketed as 4 percent chlorhexidine gluconate with 4 percent isopropyl alcohol异丙醇in a sudsy肥皂水base.

Back 46

CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE洗必泰葡萄糖酸

Front 47

These gloves are the highest quality, most expensive, and best fitting.

Back 47

Sterile Surgical Gloves

Front 48

These gloves are the least expensive type of non-sterile gloves that are commonly used in routine procedures.

Back 48

Latex Examination Gloves

Front 49

These can be sterile or unsterile examination gloves made of synthetic latex

Back 49

Nitrile Gloves

Front 50

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: All medical personnel must wear _____ (OSHA)-specified respiratory protection (such as a ___ mask)

Back 50

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
N95

Front 51

Do not use 2 percent glutaraldehyde as a surface disinfectant because of _______.

Back 51

its caustic vapors and high cost

Front 52

For DTRs, at the beginning of the day flush each of the unit water lines and hoses for ____ minute, even if their use is not anticipated and flush for ____ seconds between patients.

Back 52

at least 1
at least 30

Front 53

Infectious waste shall be placed in containers labeled with the universal biohazard symbol and the word "___" or be ___ in color.

Back 53

BIOHAZARD
red

Front 54

Do not store infectious waste without refrigeration for more than __ days.

Back 54

7

Front 55

Methods of Treatment for Microbiological

Back 55

Steam sterilization
Chemical Disinfection
Incineration 焚化

Front 56

Methods of Treatment for Pathological

Back 56

Incineration 焚化

Front 57

Methods of Treatment for Bulk blood and other potentially infectious liquids

Back 57

Gelatinization 糊化

Front 58

Methods of Treatment for Sharps in sharps containers

Back 58

Steam sterilization
Incineration

Front 59

For effective sterilization, the temperature must be maintained at ___ C (___ F) for at least __ minutes, at __ (psi) pounds per square inch of gauge pressure.

Back 59

121 degrees C, 250 degrees F
90 minutes, 15 psi

Front 60

Methods of Disposal for Microbiological, Pathological, Blood, and Sharps in sharps containers.

Back 60

Sanitary Landfill
垃圾卫生填埋场

Front 61

____ disinfection is most appropriate for liquids.

Back 61

Chemical disinfection

Front 62

9-15. What type of mask should be worn when in contact with a patient diagnosed with Tuberculosis?
1. Surgical mask
2. Cone mask
3. N95 respirator
4. M-15 Gas mask w/ canister

Back 62

3. N95 respirator

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS:
Place a surgical mask over the patient’s nose and mouth while transporting
All medical personnel must wear Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-specified respiratory protection (such as a N95 mask)

Front 63

9-17. What does the acronym MRSA stand for?
1. Methaline Resilient Sterilizer
Antiseptic
2. Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
3. Myopic Rutherford’s Sanitation Amalgam
4. Medical Really Sounds Awesome

Back 63

2. Methicilin甲氧西林-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus金黄色葡萄球菌

Front 64

9-18. What personal protective equipment item is not necessarily worn while treating a patient under Contact Precautions?
1. Gloves
2. Disposable gown
3. Mask
4. None of the above

Back 64

3. Mask

Front 65

9-19. What Transmission-based Precaution requires limited transport EXCEPT for essential purposes?
1. Airborne
2. Droplet
3. Contact
4. All the Above

Back 65

3. Contact

Front 66

9-24. Which one of these choices should be placed in a Biohazardous waste receptacle?
1. Wet towel
2. Urine soaked sheets
3. Used I.V. catheter
4. Sterile gear wrapper

Back 66

3. Used I.V. catheter

Front 67

MEDICAL ASEPSIS:
The components of this chain of events consist of the elements defined below. (5)

Removal or control of ___ (how many) component(s) in the above chain of events will control the infectious process.

Back 67

Reservoir of Infectious Agents
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host

Removal or control of any one component in the chain