Hm 06 Human Anatomy And Physiology 1

Front 1

lying position of the body, face down

Back 1

Prone

Front 2

Toward the lower end of the body

Back 2

Caudal 尾侧

Front 3

The outward part or surface of a structure

Back 3

Peripheral

Front 4

Sagittal plane = _____ plane

Back 4

Midsagittal plane

Front 5

Frontal plane = ______ plane

Back 5

Coronal plane

Front 6

Horizontal plane = _______ plane

Back 6

Transverse plane

Front 7

_______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL < _______ LEVEL

Back 7

CHEMICAL LEVEL < ORGANELLE LEVEL < CELLULAR LEVEL < TISSUE LEVEL < ORGAN LEVEL < SYSTEM LEVEL < ORGANISM LEVEL

Front 8

Gases and solids pass through the plasma membrane through a process known as _____.

Back 8

diffusion

Front 9

The cytoplasm is made of various ______ and molecules suspended in a watery fluid called _____.

Back 9

organelles 细胞器
cytosol 细胞质, or intracellular fluid.

Front 10

Tissues are classified into four main groups: ___, ___, ___ and ___.

Back 10

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Front 11

Three categories of epithelial tissue: ___, ___ and ___.

Back 11

columnar, squamous, and cuboidal

Front 12

1. The chief function of ____ tissue is the secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of nutrients from digested foods.

Back 12

columnar epithelial tissue

Front 13

_____ Tissue is the main protective tissue of the body.

Back 13

Squamous epithelial tissue

Front 14

In the kidneys, _____ tissue functions in the secretion and absorption of fluids.

Back 14

cuboidal epithelial tissue

Front 15

Three predominant types of connective tissue: ___, ___ and ___.

Back 15

areolar乳晕, adipose, and osseous.

Front 16

Adipose tissue is "_____ tissue."

Back 16

fatty tissue

Front 17

Osseous Tissue, known as "____ tissue" is dense fibrous connective tissue that forms tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones.

Back 17

bone tissue

Front 18

______ glands are found in most parts of the skin except in the soles of the feet and the palms of the hand.

Back 18

Sebaceous glands 皮脂腺

Front 19

______ tissue is the most complex tissue in the body. The basic cell of the this tissue is the _____.

Back 19

Nerve
neuron

Front 20

______ receives simulation; ______ transfer simulation.

Back 20

Dendrites
Axon

Front 21

Five sub-layers or strata of epidermal cells have been identified, and, listed from superficial to deep, they are the ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____.

Back 21

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (not always present), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. 角质层，地层灵芝, 颗粒层，棘层和基底层

Front 22

_____ is the study of the structure of bone.

Back 22

Osteology

Front 23

The skeleton, the bony framework of the body, is composed of ____ bones.

Back 23

206 bones

Front 24

Bone is made up of inorganic mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus being the most prevalent) and an organic substance called _____.

Back 24

ossein

Front 25

Bone consists of a hard outer shell, called ____ bone, and an inner spongy, porous portion, called ______ tissue. In the center of the bone is the medullary canal, which contains _____. There are two types of marrow, ____ and ____.

Back 25

compact bone
cancellous tissue
marrow
yellow and red marrow

Front 26

At the ends of the long bones is a smooth, glossy tissue that forms the joint surfaces. This tissue is called ______.

Back 26

articular cartilage

Front 27

The thin outer membrane surrounding the bone is called the ______, it supplys nourishment to the bone.

Back 27

periosteum

Front 28

what kind of bones are vertebrae, mandible, and pelvic bones?

Back 28

Irregular bones

Front 29

what kind of bones are skull, sternum, and scapula?

Back 29

Flat bones

Front 30

The skull consists of ___ bones, ___ of which form the framework of the head and provide protection for the brain, eyes, and ears; ___ are ear bones.

Back 30

28
22
6

Front 31

The facial skeleton consists of ___ stationary bones and a mobile lower jawbone (____).

Back 31

13
mandible

Front 32

The small holes on each side of the nasal opening are called the _______ (sing. foramen).

Back 32

infraorbital foramina

Front 33

The maxillary bones contain large cavities called ______.

Back 33

maxillary sinuses

Front 34

The _____ bones are L-shaped bones located behind the maxillary bones.

Back 34

palatine bone

Front 35

The _____ bones are responsible for the prominence of the cheeks.

Back 35

zygomatic bone

Front 36

The _____ bones provide a pathway for a tube that carries tears from the eye to the nasal cavity; Thin and scale-like (鳞片状) structure located in the medial wall of each orbit.

Back 36

lacrimal

Front 37

The ________ are curved, fragile, scroll-shaped bones that lie in the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Back 37

inferior nasal conchae

Front 38

The _______ bone is connected to the ethmoid bone, and together they form the nasal septum. It’s a thin, flat, single bone almost trapezoid in shape.

Back 38

vomer bone

Front 39

_____ bone has a wing-like shape and is in the front part of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the orbits.

Back 39

Sphenoid bone

Front 40

The _____ is horseshoe-shaped, with an upward sloping portion at each end called the ramus. The rami are divided into two different processes: ____ process and _____ process.

Back 40

mandible
Condyloid process
Coronoid process

Front 41

_______ process—Also called mandibular condyle, located posterior on the ramus下颌支and forms the head of the mandible.

Back 41

Condyloid process

Front 42

_____ process—Located anterior of the condyle, and provides attachment for the temporal’s muscle, which helps lift the mandible to close the mouth.

Back 42

Coronoid process

Front 43

_____ process— supports the teeth of the mandibular arch.

Back 43

Alveolar process

Front 44

It also referred to as the chin and is located at the midline of the mandible.

Back 44

Mental protuberance 心理突起

Front 45

Located on the facial surfaces of the mandible on both the right and left sides, just below the second premolars. This opening contains the mental nerve and blood vessels.

Back 45

Mental foramen

Front 46

_____ Located near the center of each ramus on the medial side (inside), through this opening passes blood vessels and the interior alveolus nerve, which supply the roots of the mandibular teeth.

Back 46

Mandibular foramen

Front 47

Bones of the ear: three small bones named the ____, ____ and ____.

Back 47

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)

Front 48

The vertebral column consists of ____ movable or true vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx or tail bone.

Back 48

24 true vertebrae

Front 49

The _______ is a hole directly behind the body of the vertebrae that forms the passage for the spinal cord.

Back 49

vertebral foramen

Front 50

There are _____ cervical vertebrae in the neck. There are ____ vertebrae in the thoracic region. There are ____ lumbar vertebrae. The _____ is the triangular bone immediately below the lumbar vertebrae. It is composed of ____ separate vertebrae that gradually fuse together between 18 and 30 years of age.

Back 50

seven cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
five lumbar vertebrae
sacrum, five

Front 51

The first set of ribs is attached to the ______, a flat irregular bone atop the sternum.

Back 51

manubrium 柄

Front 52

The first ___ pairs of ribs are called true ribs. The remaining ____ pairs are called false ribs. The last ___ rib pairs, also known as floating ribs, have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum. The _____ process, located at the inferior aspect of the sternum.

Back 52

seven
five
two
xiphoid process

Front 53

There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck. The first is called the ____ and resembles a bony ring. It supports the head. The second is the highly specialized _____.

Back 53

atlas
axis

Front 54

Each hand, how many Carpal, Metacarpal and Phalanges?

Back 54

Carpal (8), Metacarpal (5), Phalanges (14) (each hand).

Front 55

Each foot, how many Tarsus, Metatarsus and Phalanges?

Back 55

Tarsus (7), Metatarsus 跖骨(5), Phalanges (14)

Front 56

The patella is a small ____-shaped bone overlying the knee joint. Bones like the patella that develop within a tendon are known as ____ bones.

Back 56

oval-shape
sesamoid bone 籽骨

Front 57

The innominate bone is a large, irregularly shaped bone composed of three parts: ___, ___ and ___. In children these three parts are separate bones, but in adults they are firmly united to form a cuplike structure, called the ____,

Back 57

the ilium, ischium, and pubis
acetabulum 髋臼

Front 58

What is also referred as the chin?
Mentalis
Mental protuberance
Both A and B
Protuberance

Back 58

Mental protuberance精神突起

Front 59

What is an oval depression in the temporal bone?
Articular eminence
Condyle
Glenoid fossa
eminence articular

Back 59

Glenoid fossa

Front 60

What muscle raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin?
zygomaticus major
mentalis颏
orbicularis oris
both A and C

Back 60

mentalis颏

Front 61

How many cervical vertebrae and which are the two most important parts?

Back 61

-7: the first is the atlas; a bony ring that supports the head, and the second is the axis; which permits the head to move from side to side.

Front 62

What is peristalsis?

Back 62

Mechanical digestion occurs when food is chewed, swallowed, and propelled by wave-like motion

Front 63

What is the gallbladder?

Back 63

Pear-shaped sac, usually stained dark green by the bile it contains

Front 64

What is the ethmoid bone?

Back 64

The ethmoid bone is situated in front of the sphenoid bone in the front part of the cranium.

Front 65

Where is the uvula located?
roof of the mouth
back portion of the soft palate
front portion of the soft palate
near the soft palate

Back 65

back portion of the soft palate

Front 66

Which gland is located inside the cheek?
buccal cavity
buccinators
parotid
none of the above

Back 66

parotid

Front 67

WHAT VEIN SOMETIMES USED FOR IV INJECTION, ORIGINATES ON THE INNER ASPECT OF THE FOOT OR ANKLE?
GREAT SAPHENOUS
MEDIAL CUBITAL
CEPHALIC
BRACHIAL

Back 67

GREAT SAPHENOUS

Front 68

RATTLING SOUNDS IN THE THROAT DUE TO PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION, ALSO A DRY COURSE RALE IN THE BRONCHIAL TUBES WOULD BE TERMED?
STERTOROUS RESPIRATIONS
RHONCHUS
APNEA
BRADYPNEA

Back 68

RHONCHUS

Front 69

What chronic disorder of the pituitary gland or hypothalimus which is a result of a deficiancy of vasopresent also called the antidiuretic hormone or ADH?

Back 69

Diabetes Insipidus

Front 70

6-1. When the body is in the anatomical position, the thumbs point?
1. Medially
2. Laterally
3. Anteriorly
4. Posteriorly

Back 70

2. Laterally

Front 71

The _____ (commonly called the “collar bone”) lies nearly horizontally above the first rib and is shaped like a flat letter S.

Back 71

clavicle

Front 72

The ____ is a triangular bone that lies in the upper part of the back on both sides, between the second and seventh ribs, forming the posterior portion of the pectoral girdle.

Back 72

scapula

Front 73

The _____ is the longest bone of the upper extremity and is often called the arm bone.

Back 73

humerus

Front 74

The humerus anatomical portions include a head called the _____; and the ____ is the main part of the humerus; and the distal end, which includes the prominence (called an _____) and theses surfaces articulate with the bones of the forearm.

Back 74

glenoid fossa
shaft
epicondyle

Front 75

6-14. The concavity into which the head of the humerus articulates is called the?
1. Scapula
2. Acetabulum
3. Glenoid fossa
4. Epicondyle

Back 75

Glenoid fossa

Front 76

6-62. Calcium levels in the blood are
controlled by which of the following
hormones?
1. Thyroxin
2. Vasopressin
3. Thyroid
4. Parathormone

Back 76

4. Parathormone

Front 77

6-80. What is the approximate total capacity
of the adult bladder?
1. 250 ml
2. 300 ml
3. 600 ml
4. 750 ml

Back 77

3. 600 ml

Front 78

6-74. The enzymatic action of amylase results in the chemical breakdown of ______?
1. fats to fatty acids
2. starches to fats
3. starches to complex sugars
4. proteins to complex sugars

Back 78

3. starches(淀粉) to complex sugars

amylase淀粉酶

Front 79

6-73. The conversion of mechanical impulses (sound waves) to neural impulses that can be interpreted by the brain is a function of the ______?
1. Endolymph
2. Semicircular canals
3. Organ of Corti
4. Fenestra ovalis

Back 79

3. Organ of Corti 尔蒂

Front 80

6-70. By what process is three-dimensional vision produced?
1. Accommodation
2. Convergence
3. Refraction
4. Stimulation

Back 80

2. Convergence 收敛

Front 81

6-16. The prominence easily felt on the inner and outer aspects of the ankle are called?
1. Medial and lateral malleolus
2. Medial and lateral condyle
3. Greater and lesser turberosities
4. Greater and lesser trochanters

Back 81

1. Medial and lateral malleolus 内踝

Front 82

What are the three PRINCIPAL VENOUS SYSTEMS?

Back 82

pulmonary, portal, and systemic.

Front 83

What is the pulmonary system?

Back 83

The pulmonary system is composed of four vessels, two from each lung, which empty into the left atrium. These are the only veins in the body that carry freshly oxygenated blood.

Front 84

What is the portal system?

Back 84

The portal system consists of the veins that drain venous blood from the abdominal part of the digestive tract the spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder, but not the lower rectum and deliver it to the liver.

Front 85

What is the systemic system?

Back 85

The systemic system is divided into the deep and superficial veins.
The superficial veins lie immediately under the skin, draining the skin and superficial structures.
The deep veins, usually located in the muscle or deeper layers, drain the large muscle masses and various other organs.

Front 86

6-36. The venous system that carries digested materials from the intestinal tract is called the?
1. Portal
2. Pulmonary
3. Abdominal
4. Pelvic

Back 86

1. Portal

Front 87

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by a ____, or network, of blood vessels in the _____ of the brain.

Back 87

plexus 神经丛
central ventricles 中央心室