Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
2 types of muscle hypertrophy
|
1. transient hypertrophy - increase in muscle size developing during and immediately following a single exercise bout
2. chronic hypertrophy - increase in muscle size after long-term resistance-training |
|
|
2 mechanisms behind chronic muscle hypertrophy
|
1. hypertrophy - increase in size of muscle fibers
2. hyperplasia - increase in number of muscle fibers |
|
|
satellite cell response to muscle injury
|
1. satellite cell activation and proliferation
2. chemotaxis to injured fiber 3. a) fusion to damaged fiber (hypertrophy) 3. b) alignment and fusion to produce new myofibers (hyperplasia) 4. regenerated myofibers with central nuclei 5. resting myofiber |
|
|
early gains in strength due to ______ ______?
|
neurological adaptations
|
|
|
long-term strength increases due to _____ _______ __________?
|
muscle fiber hypertrophy
|
|
|
acute muscle soreness
|
results from an accumulation of the end products of exercise in the muscles or edema
|
|
|
DOMS (3)
|
- soreness felt 12-48 hours after a strenuous bout of exercise
- results primarily from eccentric muscle activity - may be caused by inflammatory reactions inside damaged muscles; sensitizes nociceptors due to accumulation in metabolic waste and neutrophils |
|
|
rhabdomyolysis
|
- rapid breakdown of muscle or compartment syndrome (extreme physical activity or dehydrated)
|
|
|
Armstrong's sequence of events in DOMS
|
1. structural damage to the muscle cells and cell membrane, due to high tension
2. impaired calcium availability, leading to necrosis 3. increase of macrophage activity and accumulation of irritants in the cell, which stimulates free nerve endings |
|
|
2 types of muscle damage (structural damage)
|
1. damage to the SR (can occur due to 4 by-products)
2. free radicals generated by neutrophils |
