Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Blood flow in the heart |
Inferior/superior vena cava into right atrium right ventricle through tricuspid valve pulmonary artery through pulmonic valve to lung pulmonary vein to left atrium left ventricle through mitral valve aorta through aortic valve to body
|
|
|
Electrical impulses in heart |
SA node into atria through bachmans bundle internodal tracts to AV node delay at AV node Bundle of His splits, activates ventricles purkinje fibers cause contraction ventricles repolarized |
|
|
ECG components |
P- SA node/conduction through atria PR - delay at AV node QRS ventricular contraction ST - repolarization |
|
|
LDL and atherosclerosis |
transports fat and cholesterol to tissues |
|
|
Platelets and atherosclerosis |
secrete growth factors- encourage scar tissue formation. smooth muscle cells divide and decrease artery width |
|
|
Monocytes and atherosclerosis |
Uptake lipids, results in foam cells |
|
|
How do antioxidants prevent atherosclerosis |
Reduce the oxidation of LDL |
|
|
Saturated Fats |
Increase cholesterol potential source of damage to blood vessels |
|
|
Tachycardia |
Rapid heart rate >100 BPM stress, drugs, other conditions |
|
|
Bradycardia |
Slow heart rate <60 BPM fainting occurs at 30 |
|
|
PVC - Premature ventricular contraction |
extra beat of ventricle incomplete filling of ventricles irritable tissue causes extra stimulus |
|
|
PAC - premature atrial contraction |
extra beat in atria incomplete fillling of atria |
|
|
Similarities between PAC and PVC |
Feels like a beat skipped reduction in ejection fraction |
|
|
Heart Block |
electrical signal is slowed or disrupted usually due to damaged tissue |
|
|
Asystole |
No electrical activity flatline on ECG due to damaged tissue |
|
|
Ventricular fibrilliation |
Random electrical signals - uncoordinated contraction defibrillation |
|
|
Does the AV node slow or speed heart rate |
SLOW |
|
|
Myocardial Infarction on ECG |
ST segment elevation |
|
|
Heart muscle ischemia |
ST segment depression |
|
|
Septal Defect |
mix of oxy/deoxygenated blood in ventricle blue skin |
|
|
patent ductus arteriosis |
aorta connected to pulmonary artery hole between atria lungs inflate - process de/oxygenated blood requires surgery |
|
|
Rheumatic Heart Disease |
Pain in joints develops in response to strep infection fibrosis of heart, specifically mitral valve |
|
|
mitral valve prolapse |
mitral regurgitation - from ventricle to atrium |
|
|
Tetralogy of Fallot |
Ventricular septal defect aorta pushed to side pressure on pulmonary valve from aorta right ventricular hypertrophy |
|
|
Insulin |
Regulates metabolism of carbs and fats Produce by beta cells in pancreas promotes absorption of glucose into skeletal muscle causes fat to be stored defficiency results in high blood glucose |
|
|
diabetic coma |
eat, no insulin |
|
|
insulin shock |
insulin, no eat |
|
|
Serum Coronary Profile - LDL |
130mg/dL - lower is better |
|
|
Serum Coronary Profile - HDL |
40-60mg/dL - higher is better |
|
|
Serum Coronary Profile - Total cholesterol |
180 mg/dL, <200 - lower is better |
|
|
Serum Coronary Profile - Triglycerides |
10-150 mg/dL - lower is better |
|
|
Serum Coronary Profile - Glucose |
100 mg/dL |
|
|
Most common cancer |
skin cancer |
|
|
most common in males |
prostate, lung, colorectal |
|
|
most common in women |
breast, lung, colorectal |
|
|
Most rapid and dangerous cancer |
malignant melanoma |
|
|
Anaplasia |
less adult function in cell, resembles fetal cells |
|
|
hyperplasia |
higher cell division |
|
|
differentiation |
ability of cells to perform functions of well differentiated cells, resemblance of cancer cells to environment |
|
|
encapsulation |
hyperplastic cells with capsule show no metastasis, indication of benign mass |
|
|
cancers that cause most deaths |
lung, colorectal, breast, prostate |
|
|
oncogenes |
cancer genes - cause poorly differentiated cells to divide and cause cancer |
|
|
proto-oncogenes |
required for production of normal cells, damaged by carcinogens, send messages to fetal cells |
|
|
initiation |
carcinogens cause mutations in a gene |
|
|
promotion |
damaged cells divide |
|
|
anti-promotion |
discourages damaged cell division |
|
|
Why are multiple mutations needed |
needs an initiator, promoter, and initiator must mutate several parts of a gene |
|
|
isoflavones, phenols, carotenoids |
fruits and vegetables |
|
|
carcinoma |
epithelial tissue - organs |
|
|
sarcomas |
connective tissue, bone, muscle, fat |
|
|
lymphoma |
blood |
|
|
leukemia |
blood |
|
|
Smoking and carcinogens |
radioactive components, carbon monoxide, nicotine poisoning |
