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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primary target of HIV virus
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CD4 T helper cells
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HIV-1 binds to what receptors on its host cell
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CD4 and a co-receptor (chemokine receptor)
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alternate route of HIV infection
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enters mucous and taken up by langerhan cells and taken to lymph tissue (occurs during sex)
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first cell in which replication usually occurs
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macrophages (contain both CD4 and CCR5 (co-receptor)
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first stage of HIV infection is called what (macrophage infection)
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M-tropic phase
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sx of M- tropic phase of HIV infection
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flu-like
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HIV genome classification
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ss RNA
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four major groups of HIV-1
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M, N, O, P
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subgroups of HIV are called what
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clades
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In HIV infection, CD4 T cells are first depleted where
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GI system (leading to diarrheal diseases)
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why can anti-virals never rid all T cells of HIV
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many are latent, anti-virals only work on activated T cells
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three types of HIV progression
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rapid
slow long-term non-progression |
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timeframe of rapid progression HIV infection
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1-4 years
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reasons for rapid progression HIV
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CXCR4 syncytial strain
mutated CXCR4 or CXCR5 receptors |
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types of attenuated HIV virus that cause slow progression disease
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gp120
nef (-) |
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reasons for slow progression HIV
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attenuated virus (gp120, nef - )
mutated CCR5, CCR2 low receptor abundance |
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reasons for long-term non-progression HIV
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major mutation in CCR5 (delta 32)
stronger CD8 T cell response |
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standard for HIV testing
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ELISA (Ab)
Western blot (Ag) |
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how long does it take for HIV to show up on standard testing
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1-2 mo
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how long does it take for HIV to show up on PCR
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1-2 weeks
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tests for HIV antigen done on point of care (in the office)
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rapid screening test
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monitoring for HIV therapy
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CD4 count
viral load (PCR) viral resistance testing: (check for susceptibility to certain drugs) |
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most common route of global transmission
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heterosexual sex
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body fluids with the highest probability of transmission
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blood
semen vaginal fluid breast milk |
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when are HIV patients infective
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at all time post-infection (regardless of viral load)
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