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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymphatic System |
The tissues and organs that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease - System of vessels parallel to blood vessels |
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Lymph Nodes |
"Home bases" for the lymphatic system that are found in specific places on the body |
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Leukocytes |
A pale covered cell that destroys invading cells and removes debris - also known as white blood cells |
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The three main leukocytes |
Phagocytes, Granulocytes and Natural Killers, Lymphocytes |
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Phagocytes |
White blood cells that enguld and ingest antigens |
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Two types of phagocytes |
Macrophages and Monocytes |
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Macrophages |
A phagocyte that attaches to tissue and stays there |
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Monocytes |
Phagocytes that circulate in the blood |
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Granulocytes and Natural Killer Lymphocytes |
White blood cells that directly kill things that don't belong - nonspecific immunity |
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Lymphocytes |
White blood cells that defend the body against specific antigens |
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Two types of Lymphocytes |
B Lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes |
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B Lymphocytes |
Secrete antibodies that protect the body against bacterial and viral infections |
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T Lymphocytes |
A slower acting response, produced by the bone marrow and the thymus gland. |
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Two types of Lymphocytes |
Cytotoxic and Helper T Cells |
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Cytotoxic T Cells |
Destroy foreign tissue, cancerous cells, or cells invaded by antigens using toxic chemicals |
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Helper T Cells |
Get information and report to spleen and lymph nodes to direct other lymphocytes to attack |
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Bone Marrow |
Produces leukocytes and red blood cells |
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Spleen |
Organ that filters out antigens that the lymph vessels put into the bloodstream. -White blood cells clear debris and spleen filters it out |
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Tonsils |
Trap foreign particles |
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Thymus Gland |
Immune system gland located behind your sternum and is involved in the production of T cells |
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Two types of immune system proteins |
Cytokines and Antibodies |
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Cytokines |
Small secreted proteins which mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and cell formation in the blood |
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Antibodies |
Proteins that attach themselves to things that don't belong so they can't move |
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Tonsilitis |
A disease in which tonsils become infected or inflamed which impairs their ability to filter debris |
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Mononucleosis |
B cells are under attack |
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Lymphoma |
Cancer of the lymphatic system |
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Autoimmune disorders |
Immune responses attack its own tissue |
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Psychoneuroimmunology |
Psychological aspects related to how your nervous system talks to your immune system |
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HIV Definition |
A virus that infects and destroys T helper cells, therefore impairing the immune system |
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AIDS Definition |
When a person has HIV and experiences an opportunistic infection |
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Opportunistic infection |
Infection that occurs when the immune system is no longer working |
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Number of people infected by HIV worldwide |
37 000 000 |
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Number of people with HIV in Canada |
75 500 - 45.5% of these in Ontario |
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HIV is more common in people who |
- are men and have sex with other men - use drugs intravenously - are Black and Aboriginal |
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HIV is transmitted through these methods |
- sexual activity involving exchange of bodily fluids - sharing contaminated needles - birth by infected mother |
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The number of stages of progression in HIV
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4 |
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Primary Infection Stage |
Mild symptoms like those of other diseases - lasts 1-8 weeks |
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Latent period |
Stage in which there are no symptoms for as long as 10 years |
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AIDS Related complex stage |
Stage in which there is a cluster of symptoms |
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Severe immune impairment stage |
Multiple opportunistic infections |
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Combination Antiretroviral Therapy |
Different classes of drugs that interfere with HIV replication, taken as a "cocktail" of multiple drugs |
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Risk factors for HIV |
- Negative attitudes toward condoms - Low self-efficacy for condom use - Alcohol or drug use - Peer norms - Number of sexual partners - Homophobia - Lower income - Religion - Personality factors |
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Sensation- Seeking |
Personality factor in which people search for new, exciting experiences and are willing to take risks |
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Impulsion |
Personality factor in which people react to situations in the moment, whether they recognize risks |
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Psychology of HIV |
- stigma - prevalence of depression, anxiety, and PTSD are higher |
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Genital Herpes |
- Viral infection with no cure, often without symptoms - Antiviral medication can manage symptoms |
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Genital Human Papillomavirus |
- Viral infection that is the most common STI - Can cause genital warts and various cancers - Vaccines but no cure |
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Hepatitis A |
- Curable viral infection transmitted through anal-oral contact or contaminated food and water - Fever, fatigue, nausea, dark urine - Symptoms last less than 2 months - Vaccines but no specific treatment |
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Hepatitis B |
- Curable viral infection transmitted through sex, needles, and childbirth - Symptoms may last from a few weeks to 6 months - When chronic, can damage the liver - Vaccines available, no specific treatment |
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Hepatitis C |
- Viral infection transmitted through contact with blood - Symptoms may last indefinitely - Antiviral medication may cure it - No vaccine |
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Chlamydia |
- Curable bacterial infection transmitted though intercourse - Painful urination, discharge - Cured with antibiotics |
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Gonorrhea |
- Curable bacterial infection transmitted through intercourse - Burning and discharge - Can lead to serious complications if left untreated |
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Syphilis |
- Curable bacterial infection - Primary stage: sores 3 weeks after infection - Secondary stage: rash, fever, headaches, fatigue - Latent stage: no symptoms - Late stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia |
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Pediculosis (pubic lice) |
- Curable parasitic infection caused by a tiny insect - Symptom is itching |
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Trichomoniasis |
- Parasitic infection that is cured with antibiotics - Symptoms include irritation and inflammation |
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Scabies |
- Curable parasitic infection caused by mites - Direct skin-to-skin contact - Cured by topical treatments |
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Infertility |
The inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after at least 12 months of consistent, unprotected intercourse |
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In Virto Fertilization |
Treatment for infertility that involves the fertilization of an egg and insertion into the womb |
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Percentage of American couples that experience infertility |
7.4% |
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Pregnancy |
Fertilization and development of one or more embryo in a woman's uterus |
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Gestational Diabetes |
Glucose intolerance of varying degrees and severity that is identified during pregnancy |
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Miscarriage |
Death of a fetus prior to 20 weeks |
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Percentage of miscarriage among pregnancies |
15% |
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Stillbirth |
Death of a fetus after 20 weeks - 1 % of pregnancies |
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Postpartum Dysphoria |
- the "baby blues" - 26-85% of all mothers - due to hormonal fluctuations |
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Postpartum Depression |
- Symptoms resemble major depressive disorder - 10-16% of women |
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Postpartum Psychosis |
- Hallucinations and delusions - 1-2 for every 1000 deliveries - Onset is 72 hours- 2 weeks after childbirth |
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Menopause |
A woman's final menstrual period - happens between 40 and 60 - Experiences vary widely |
