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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HIV
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is a retrovirus
-It copies its RNA to DNA using reverse transcriptase -soccur shape structure |
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Retrovirus
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is an RNA virus that reproduces by means of a DNA molecule
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Reverse transcription-
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form DNA from RNA- that’s why its called retroviruse (using enzyme called reverse transcriptase
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Transcription-
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formation of RNA from DNA
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HIV Can spread tthrough
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mother to child, white blood cells, sex and oral, needles (tranfusion)
T helper cell- infects and is WBC |
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AIDS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
The disease caused by HIV infection Treated with the drug AZT |
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new viruses in recent years
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HIV
Ebola Hantavirus |
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How do new viruses arise?
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Mutation of existing viruses
Spread to new host species (Avian Flu and SARS) |
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Mutation-
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change in the nucleiotide sequence of DNA
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immune disorders
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If the interplay of immune cells malfunctions, problems in the immune response can result
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allergies
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Are abnormal sensitivities to antigens in the environment
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Allergens
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Are antigens that cause allergies
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Blood compoents-
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RBC WBC plasma and platelets
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WBC-
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neutrophils (),
basophils eosinophils lymphocytes monocytes |
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neutrophils
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(no color),
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basophils
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(blue),
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eosinophils
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(red),
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lymphocytes
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(t cells and b cells),
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monocytes
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(can form macrophage)
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anaphylactic shock
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Is an especially dangerous type of allergic reaction
Can be counteracted with injections of epinephrine |
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The body’s immune system
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Normally reacts only against foreign (nonself) substances
Generally rejects transplanted organs, whose cells lack the recipient’s unique “fingerprint” of self proteins |
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Autoimmune Diseases
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When blood cells attacks ur own body cells
Arthritis- pain in the joints (immune system is attacking the self antigens) |
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In immunodeficiency diseases
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Immune components are lacking, and infections recur
When imm sys is not functioning prooperly May arise through inborn conditions or from disease |
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DiGeorge syndrome-
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don’t have thymus
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SCID-
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severe combined immuno disease (baby have to be in a sterile env’t)- don’t have t cells or b cell
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HIV, the AIDS virus
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Attacks helper T cells, crippling both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
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humoral
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through b cells
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cell mediated
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through t cells
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Flu virus-
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RNA virus
Has an RNA genome that mutates rapidly, causing it to evolve and change The best protection from the flu virus is a yearly flu vaccine |
