Hiv Aids

Front 1

What kind of chromosome do retroviruses have? What is special about them.

Back 1

+ RNA. Carries Reverse Transcriptase(RNA dependent DNA polymerase)

Front 2

How fast is the onset for retroviruses?

Back 2

SLOW

Front 3

what is a godo target for anti-HIV drugs

Back 3

Reverse Transcriptase bc we don't have it.

PS Go Robert Morris

Front 4

What was the first retrovirus isolated?

Back 4

Rous Sarcoma from chickens
Caused tumors in healthy chickens
first infectious agent foudn to cause cancer
HTLV-1 first human asociated one

Front 5

What subgroup of viruses is HIV in

Back 5

Lentivirus

Front 6

Endogenous Retroviruses

Back 6

Integrate into host cell genome during normal life cycle(1-8% of our genome)aka junk DNA

Passed on genetically

Front 7

WHat has to be done to activate reverse transcriptase?

Back 7

Nothing it is in cell and ready to go

Front 8

Where is p24 protein in HIV?

Back 8

makes up nucleocapsid

Front 9

What proteins help HIV bind to other cells

Back 9

gp120 and gp41

Front 10

what are two types of HIV? WHich is more virulent?

Back 10

HIV-1 and HIV-2

HIV-1(9 substypes of HIV-1 with different worldwide distributions)

Front 11

3 theories of HIV start?

Back 11

Government made for war

Accidental Man-made from SIV contaminated Polio

mutated SIV transmitted to humans

Front 12

Which HIV start theory more likely?

Back 12

mutated SIV: SIVcpz very similar to HIV

Front 13

HIV genome?

Back 13

2 Copies of + RNA genome
Reverse Transcriptase
p24 in capsid
p17 surrounds capsid
viral envelop made of host cell
gp120 and gp 41 to attach host

Front 14

What cells can HIV infect

Back 14

Cells with CD4 and chemokine rescptors(CCR5 or CXCR4)

Macros, CD4 T cells, microglia

Front 15

What type of cell does M-tropic HIV1 infect?

Back 15

CD4 and CCR5(macros)
earlier stages

Front 16

What cell type does T-tropic HIV-1 infect

Back 16

CD4 and CXCR4(Tcells) later stages

Front 17

Can you become resistant to HIV

Back 17

people with CCR5 mutation are resistant to M-tropic HIV1
(also resistant to plague)

Front 18

Whats with the gp120 and gp41 proteins?

Back 18

gp 120 covers gp41. once gp 120 binds CD4 and CCR5 host it conformation changes to expose gp 41 and then membrane penetration

Front 19

HIV life cycle

Back 19

RNA-->sscDNA via reverse transcriptase-->dsDNA-->host nuke -->integrates into DNA using viral integrase

Front 20

WHat does pol genes encode? en genes?

Back 20

pol= polyerase
en= gp120 and gp41

Front 21

what must be done to translation products?

Back 21

proteolytic cleavage to generatemture viral proteins

Front 22

What is gag gene?

Back 22

core proteins and matrix proteins

Front 23

What are pol genes?

Back 23

reverse transcriptase, integrase, and proteases

Front 24

what are env genes

Back 24

transmembrane glycoproteins
gp120 binds CD4 and CCR5
gp41 virus fusion and internalization

Front 25

how does HIV bud from cell

Back 25

gp120 and gp41 go to cell surface
viral RNA transcribed into future genome
packaging
buds from cell at gp120 and gp 41 rich site

Front 26

HIV Progression

Back 26

initial flu like symptoms alleviate when HIV Ab increase and symptoms gone fro long time. then virus overpowers Ab and get symptoms and full blown AIDS T cell count drop(200 is number for drugs)

Front 27

How is AIDS transmitted?

Back 27

Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, oral sex possibly

NOT: pools, kissing, coughing, contact, toilets, utensils

Front 28

Who is at highest risk of HIV?

Back 28

Sexually active, IV drug users, babies of HIV mothers

Front 29

How do you diagnose HIV?

Back 29

serological or nucleic acid test

ELISA

Rapid Test: similar to ELISA but should use real tests to verify

hard to culture

Front 30

How is HIV ELISA done?

Back 30

persons serum incubated with HIV proteins-->antihuman Ab conjugated with biotin added-->biotin substrate added

If ELISA is + then second check with Western Blot

Front 31

How does western blot work?

Back 31

SDS-PAGE of protein
transfer protein to membrane
Incubate membrane with patient serum
5 identical bands to be considered +

Front 32

A negative test means you don't have HIV right?

Back 32

NO, it takes a while for Ab to show up so if you recently acquired HIV it may not be sensed yet

Front 33

how does bDNA test work?

Back 33

measures viral load in blood

used to screen donated blood

tests can show up negative if patient is on anti-HIZ drugs

Front 34

What is a HAART cocktail

Back 34

HIV treatment
Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors(AZT, ddC, ddI); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(Nevirapine, delaviridine); protease inhibitors(saquinavir, ritanavir)

Front 35

Pros and Cons of HAART

Back 35

Pro: proven efficacy, resistance requires multiple mutations, targets HIV and 2 steps of replication
Con: difficult to adhere to, side effects, EXPENSIVE, does not clear virus

Front 36

NRTIs for HIV Tx

Back 36

thymidine nucleoside analog; phosphorylated by cell enzymes and incorporates into viral DNA; prevent chain elongation

Front 37

NNRTIs for HIZV Tx

Back 37

Nevirapine-binds reverse transcriptase to prevent viral RNA from being reverse transcribed into DNA

Front 38

Protease Inhibitors(saquinavir)

Back 38

Slip into hydrophobic active site of HIV protease; blocks morphogenesis of virion by preventing cleavage of gag and gag-pol proteins; HIV can become resistant

Front 39

T20 to treat HIV

Back 39

blocks binding/fusion; effects gp41 to prevent viral entry

Front 40

Managing HIV

Back 40

watch CD4 counts every 3 months

CBC and CMP every 6 months

yearly vag and anal pap smears
start antiretrovirals when viremia occurs or immunodeficiency symptoms or t count<200

Front 41

Humans are only organism infected by retroviruses T or F

Back 41

False, many species are but has slow onset

Front 42

What must cell have to be infected with HIV

Back 42

CD4 and CCR5 of CXCR4

Front 43

How do you cure AIDS

Back 43

YOU DON'T

You inject ground up money if South Park taught us anything