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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dr. Mengele
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Dr. at Auschwitz who did the "selection and performed medical test on prisoners
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Adolf Eichmann
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Created the Jewish registry which was used to identify Jews for deportation
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Buno-Munowitz
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Slave labor portion of Auschwitz
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Hermann Goring
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Goring Solution- to get soldiers form italy, romania & other countries asking to fight b/c germany didn't have enough soldiers, he also promised Hitler that he would have control Germany's Great Britains & Russia's skies
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Raoul Wallenberg
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Swedish Diplomat who forged 30,000 passports for Hungarian Jews. He was arrested by the Russians after the war and died in captivity.
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Moshe the Beadle
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Religious Mentor to Eli Weisel. Was one of the first to be arrested in Sighet. Was taken and shot by the firing squads and survived, when he returned and told the other Jews in Sighet what had happened they did not believe him
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Malta
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Brits had control of Malta. They would bomb the Italians as the Italians tried to bring supplies to the German troops in Africa. One of Germany's biggest blunders of WWII was not taking out Malta.
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Mordechai Anielewicz
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23 year old who led the revolt in the Warsaw Ghetto
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General Montgomery
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Led the british army to victory over the germans in North Africa, saving the middle eastern oil fields and suez canal from the Nazi's
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Drancy
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The camp in France that Leo Bretholz was at.
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Nazi North Africa Objective
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to take the suez canal, middle eastern oil, attack russian from another direction & to link up w/ Japa
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Sighet
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The village in Transylvannia where Eli Weisel lived with his family.
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Rescuing Denmarks Jews
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The king of Denmark wore a star of David to show unity and support for the Jews in Denmark. They were also alerted when the Nazi's were going to be rounding up Jews and the people of Denmark took all the Jews to sweden and ran their businesses and took care of their homes until they were able to return after the war. Only 400 danish Jews died.
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Six Killing Centers
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Sobibor, Belzec, Birkenau, Treblinka, Chelmno, Maidenek. all six were in poland.
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Industrial Ruhr Valley
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Germany's most important industrial center. It was near the French border.
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Eli Receives advice upon arriving at Auschwitz
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A sunnderkommander told Eli to tell Dr. Mengele that he was 18. This saved Eli's life.
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Nero Command
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The order that Hitler gave to completely destroy Germany and all Nazi territory. Including all bridges, all electric lines, plumbing, agricultural fields, factories, equipment, railroads, and buildings.
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Tobruk
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The last German victory in North africa. The germans were desperate for supplies and took this allied port. They obtained 3 months worth of supplies.
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Battle of the Bulge
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the last German offensive in the war. An attempt to attack at the Belgian border and push through to Antwerp
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Eli as Biblical Job
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Eli is similar to Biblical Job because he had everything taken from him when he went to Auschwitz. Eli questioned God and his faith, however, in the end he remained faithful.
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Sobibor
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uprising lead by Pechersky, a Jewish Russian soldier, half the prisoners escaped and the camp was closed.
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Kreisau Circle
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Group lead by Stauffenberg to plan Hitler's assassination using Operation Valkyrie
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FDR
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President that was allies w/ Churchill. Was non isolationist and entered the USA to the war. FDR dying was Hitler's last hope for any victory.
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Rudolf Hess
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Hitler's personal secretary while Hitler served his jail term for the beer hall putsch.
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Rescuing Mussolini
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When Mussolini was taken out of power and taken a ski lodge at the top of a mountain Hitler sent an SS coronel to rescue him.
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A-7713
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Eli Weisel's number that was tattooed to his arm when he went to Auschwitz.
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Pu-Yi
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The last emporer of China. After the Sino-Japanese war, the Japanese made him the puppet leader of Manchuria.
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Niemoeller quote
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Niemoeller was a German pastor who spoke out against Hitler. He is famous for the quote "when they arrested communists I said I am not a communist so I did nothing. When they attacked the trade unions, I said i am not a unionist so I did nothing. . . when they ame for me there was no on left to stand up for anyone"
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Why Auschwitz wasn't bombed
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Some said that it wasn't bombed because it wasn't a strategic military target and that the best way to end the war and save more Jewish lives was by bombing the most strategic targets. Other said that they did not have the capabilities to bomb Auschwitz. but it is clear that they were bombed because the United States did not want to make it a Jewish war.
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Jewish Registry
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The hollerith machine- recorded & organized information about residence, religion & marital status. Eichmann created the registory.
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Wannsee Conference, Setting up the final solution
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Headed by Heydrich. Nazi officials from all areas of the government attended. They were to agree to do everything they could in their area to make the Final solution possible. Purpose was to come up with a more efficient method of getting rid of the European jews. They decided on 6 death camps to kill 11 million jews.
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German Scientific Achievement
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V1 & V2 rockets & the Jet air plane
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German Turnip winters
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After Blitzkreig economics was no longer a help to the Germans. The German people were forced to survive off of Turnip soup. This also happened after WWI when the Germans were forced to pay huge reparations to France. This caused massive inflation & poverty for the Germans.
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Ringlebaum's milk cans
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Ringlebaum was part of the group Oneg Shabbos. They filled milk can w/ information and artifacts about the conditions in the Ghettos. They numbered the milk cans and hid them so that after they died the outside world would know what went on in the Ghettos.
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Telegraph 354.
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Telegraph issued by the U.S. state department requesting that any information sent from Jews living in Europe not be made public.
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The White rose
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German resistance group against the Nazi's. Made up of students and a professor. They distributed leaflets and information encouraging others to speak up. They were caught and executed.
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Romanian Exchange
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Offer made by the Romanian Government that they would sell 70,000 Jews for .50 cents a piece.
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"inner circle" last days
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Hitler spent his last days in the Fuehrer bunker with Goebbels. Speer encouraged Hitler to make peace w/ the West and focus on War w/ Russia. Goring sent a telegraph asking Hitler that as the second in command if he could assume power since it was clear that Hitler was unable to perform his duties in the bunker. Himmler publicly assummed power and said that Hitler would be dead in a few days.
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Goebbel's Victory and Destruction speech
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This was a 2 and a half hour long speech that told the Germany people that if they lost to Russia that they effects would be devastating. He encouraged all the men to take double shifts in the factories. He asked women to start working and the factories and asked that 10 year old boys be sent into battle.
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Eli's first night at Auschwitz
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His first night felt like it lasted forever. After his mother and sister were sent off to the gas chamber he and his father had their head's shaved, their clothes taken and were tattoed with numbers that replaced their names.
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Arbet Macht Frei
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Sign outside of Auschwitz that said "Work Will Make You Free"
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Sonderkommando
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Jews that worked for the nazi's in the concentration camps. They were often very cruel.
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"My Day"
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Eleanor Roosevelt's column. She wrote abou tthe play "we will never die"
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WWII Affect on the German home front
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Hitler had promised that the German people would never have to experience war on the homefront. Up until operation sea lion they felt none of the effects of the war. However, after operation sealion every major Germany city was bombed day and night.
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Form Fives
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The lines that prisoners in Aushwitz were forced to get into when ever they marched.
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Sinti and Roma
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The two largest gypsy groups in Europe. Ninety percent of them were killed by the Nazi's
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Methods of Dehumanizing Prisoners
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Shaving their heads, taking their clothes, and replacing their name iwth a number tattooed on their arm.
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Hollerith machine
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Machine that allowed the Nazi's to quicky gather & sort information about the Jewish population.
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I.G. Farben
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Pharmacuetical Company that produced Zyklon B for the Nazis. They produced many other goods for the Nazi's in exchange for slave labor.
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Rommel's Desert War
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no supplies, no food, weak troops, no fuel. they were forced to steal supplies or give up territory. Their main victory was conquering Tobruk and obtaining 3 months worth of supples.
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Freight Transport #42
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The train that Leo Bretholz was on that was going to Auschwitz. He escaped from this train by prying the bars apart.
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Reinhard Heydrich
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in charge of the Wansee conference & final solution. He was assassinated by Czech Assassins.
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Objective Stalingrad
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1. capture the city named for stalin 2. obtain Donitz steel 3. take oil in Caucas mountains 4. take russian wheat fields 5. link up with japan
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Turning points WWII
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the Germans being drive out of stalingrad, losing in North Africa, the united states entering the war
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Death Head Units
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The guards at the concentration camps
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Joan of Arc
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The nurse that took care of Leo when his hernia ruptured. she told him that he had nothing to fear and she comforted him while he recovered in the hospital.
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Greece, False front
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The british planted information on a dead British soldier & said that the allies would invade Europe through Greece.
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Sino-Japanese war
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China Japan war of 1937
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Richard Wagner
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composer that denounced the jews, rejected democracy & wrote operas proclaiming Aryan superiority. Spoke about restoring Germany's racial purity.
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Blitzkreig Economics
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The Germans took everything of value from the countries that they conquered inorder to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.
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Dachau
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Opened in 1932 as the model concentration camp.
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Aryan Groups that were sent to Concentration camps
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Communists, politicians, jehovah's witnesses & homosexuals
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Nuremburg Race Laws
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Law that stated Jews were no longer citizens of Germany
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Kristallnacht
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the violent response from the nazis to a French Jew who murdered a German in the German Embassy in France
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Hersell Grenzpyn
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17 year old who murdered a German official at the German embassy in France.
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Survivor of Auschwitz & Author of Night
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Elie Weisel
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Characteristics of the shtetls
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traditional food & clothes, speaking yiddish, secluded villages
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Two reasons why the Nazi's used gassing a method of killing
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it was quicker, cleaner and less emotional
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This man jumped from transport 42 & wasone of only two who escaped death at Auschwitz on that transport.
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Leo Bretholz
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Montgomery
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WW2 hero who led the British army to victory over the German's in the desert of North Africa saving the middle eastern oil fields and the suez canal from the Nazi's
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Albert Speer
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36 year old architect who was appointed by Hitler to replaced Fritz Todt as the minister of arms and munitions. He was the only insider to write a detailed wartime history of the regime.
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Donitz
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The u-boat commander that Hiter appointed as his successor as president of the Reich, war minister, and supreme commander of the German armed forces during the final days of the war.
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Manchuria
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Area that japan took over placing Henry Pu Yi as its puppet leader.
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Yalta
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Area where the big three met to discuss their final plans for the attack on Germany
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Baltic sea to the black sea
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the extent of Germany's Russian front - 1500 miles.
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T-4 action
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the euthanization and sterilization of those "unfit" for life; the mentally ill, mentally retarded, those w/ birth defects or chronically were gassed in gas chambers disguised as showers.
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Edelweiss Pirates
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Group of young people who refused to join the HItler youth, showed contempt for the racial community norms by wearing pirate insignia, skipping work & writing their own lyrics to popular songs. They were caught and sent to labor camps & several of the leaders were hung.
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Speers "Bureacratic Turf Wars"
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Between Speer, Sauckel, Goring & gauleiters to let women join the work force because of the labor shortage.
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Hamburg Raid
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Firebombings that killed 50,000 people
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Hoss Sophisticated Method of Crowd Control
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had an orchestra of jewish musicians playing music for the Jews as they waited to enter the gas chambers.
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Madagascar plan
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plan to deport 4 million jews over the course of 4 years to Madagascar
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Babi yar masscare
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33,000 jews were taken from Kiev to Babi yar, a ravine, and slaughtered over 2 days.
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Oksar Schindler
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German Business man that bribed Nazi officials to allow him to get more Jews to "work" for him. He saved 1,100 from death at Auschwitz
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"Smash Grab and Exploit"
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principle repeated by Goring on how to rule in Nazi conquered territories.
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Daluege's order police
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Men w/ some military training who were part of the Einsatzgruppen. They Answered to Kurt Daluege and helped to plan the final solution.
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Operation Market Garden
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allies would cross the Rhine in the Netherlands where they would capture five bridges in the Rhine delta. With that site secured they would have a clear path into North West Germany. It was a failure. They were not able to liberate the area North of the Netherlands for 6 months and were unable to secure the rhine.
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