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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Salon
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informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophies and others exchanged ideas
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Baroque
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paintings that are huge, colorful, and full of excitement
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Rococo
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paintings that are lighter, elegant, and charming
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Popular sovereignty
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states that all government power comes from the poeple
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Thomas Jefferson
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principal author of the Declaration of Independence
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George Washington
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chosen to lead the American army
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George III
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king of Britain for 60 years
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Adam Smith
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Scottish economist who greatly admired the physiocrats
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Diderot
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produced Encyclopedia
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Montesquieu
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published The Spirit of Laws
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Ancien Regime
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old order
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Bourgeoisie
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middle class
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Guillotine
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fast falling blade
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Guerilla Warfare
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hit-and-run raids
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Plebiscite
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popular vote by ballot
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Napoleonic Code
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a code that embodied Enlightenment principles
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Continental System
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closed European ports to British ports
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First Estates
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made up of clergy
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Marquis de Lafayette
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the aristocratic "hero of two worlds' who fought along side Washington in the American Revolution
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Olympe de Gouges
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journalist who demanded equal rights for women
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Robespierre
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lawyer and politician, Committee of Public Safety
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Anesthetic
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drug that prevents pain
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Enterprise
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business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories
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Entrepreneurs
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those who managed and assumed the finacial risks of starting new businesses
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Turnpikes
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private roads
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Urbanization
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movement of people to cities
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Tenement
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multistory buildings divided into apartments
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Proletariat
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working class
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Jeremy Bentham
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advocating the idea of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"
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James Watt
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Scottish engineer who made improvements on an engine to make it more efficient
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Robert Owen
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set up a model community in New Lanark
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Recession
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a period of reduced economic activity
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Autonomy
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self-rule
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Ideologies
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systems of thought and belief
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Radicals
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those who favor extreme change
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Peninsulares
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members of the highest social class
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Mestizo
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people of Native American and European descent
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Mulattoes
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people of African and European descent
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Louis Philippe
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was called the "citizen king" because he owned his throne to the people
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Napoleon III
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Louis Napoleon claimed himself as emperor, which ended the Second Republic
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Louis Kossuth
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demanded an independent government
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Kaiser
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emperor
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Social Welfare
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programs to help certain groups of people
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Emigration
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movement away from their homeland
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Anarchist
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people who want to abolish all government
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Zemstvos
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made responsible for matters such as road repair, schools, and agriculture
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Duma
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elected national legislature
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Pogroms
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a violent mob attacks on Jewish people
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Giusseppe Garibaldi
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longtime nationalist and an ally of Mazzini;was an Italian general, politician and patriot.
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Francis Joseph
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inherited the Hapsburg throne when he was 18
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Ferenc Deak
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Hungarian leader who created a new political power
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Protectorate
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when local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity
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Purdah
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the isolation of women in separate quarters
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Trade Deficit
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import more than export
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Trade Surplus
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export more than import
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Balance of Trade
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difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports
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Social Darwinism
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natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies
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Shaka
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ruthless and brilliant leader of south Africa
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Ram Mohun Roy
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combined Western and Indian cultures
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Guang Xu
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launched the Hundred Days of Reform
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Sun Yixian
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a passionate spokesman for a Chinese republic
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Usman dan Fodio
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denounced the corruption of the local Hausa rulers
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Diet
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legislature in Germany
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Metis
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people of mixed Native American and French Canadian descent
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Dominion
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self-governing nation
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Caudillos
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local strong men who assembled private armies to resist the central government
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Austrailia
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achieved self-government
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Zailbatsu
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powerful banking and industrial families
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Mongkut
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the king of Siam; didn't underestimate Western power which helped his country survive
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Liliuokalani
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Hawaiian queen who tried to reduce foreign influence
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Maori
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the indigenous people in New Zealand
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Bentio Juarezo
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offered hope to oppressed people of Mexico; stripped the military of power and ended the special privileged Churches
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Militarism
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the glorification of the military
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Neutrality
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policy of supporting neither side in a war
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Zeppelin
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large gas-filled balloons
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TE Lawrenec
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led guerilla raids against the Turks
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Total War
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mechanized war required the channeling of a nation's entire resources into the war effort
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Propaganda
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the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
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Fourteen Points
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a list of Wilson's terms for resolving this war and future wars
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Reparations
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payments for war damage
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Dardanelles
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a vital strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean
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