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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the historical six concepts and explain them
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• Cause and Consequence
-The causes of events and what happens after the event due to the occurrence of that event • Continuity and change -Judgments can be made on the basis of comparisons between some point in the past, present and future -Continuity is when common sense suggest that there has been no change in history -Change is when an extreme change has occurred • Historical significance -Looking at events that resulted in great change over a long period of time for large amounts of people ex) World War II • Primary evidence -They help us to understand more about what was going on when they were created • Historical perspective -Understanding the social, cultural, intellectual and emotional settings that shaped people’s lives and actions in the past • Ethical dimensions -Understanding the differences between our ethical universe and those of bygone societies |
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Who was Columbus? What did he discover?
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Columbus was an Italian explorer, colonizer, and navigator. He was under the auspices of the monarch of Spain. Columbus completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led European awareness of the American continent. His voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola, led to the Spanish colonization of the new world. He is also famous for the mistreatment of the natives and discovering America in 1492. He went to the new world to find gold and spices. He was promised by the king and queen that if he brought back gold and spices, he would get 10 percent of the profits, governorship over new found land and the fame that would come with finding the new world. The king and queen funded the expedition on the condition that Columbus would bring them back gold and spices.
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What was Columbus' legacy?
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1. He is remembered as hero because he discovered the new world
2. He is remembered as a villain because he murdered and mistreated thousands of natives 3. He is a daring, great and path-breaking explorer o Plantations o Slavery o Taxation of Natives |
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What was the City upon a hill? Who created it?
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He was an English lawyer who came up with the idea of a self-governed colony, which is modern day Massachusetts. He had a vision of the city upon a hill, which meant that he came from a strong country in Europe and was leading the way towards modern day democracy.
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Who were Winthrop and Reagons and what were there views on the City upon a hill?
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Winthrop-
-governor -self government -males could vote -early form of democracy -puritans are not accepting of other religions Reagan- president of the united states -prosperous (economy) -secure (military) -free (social, economic, political) -freedom -magnet for freedom -darkness (communism) -he made the city freer |
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Perms for city upon a hill
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Political-male members can vote, they establish the earliest form of self government
Economic-wealthy colony Religious-puritanism, they were kicked out of Britian for their religious belief and wanted to start a new colony Social-Treated women like property, they wanted their colony to be a religious model for others to live purely |
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What are the major differences between Southern and Northern colonies?
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Northern colonies were trading furs and southern colonies were growing and selling tobacco.
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What were the northern, middle and southern colonies known for?
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Northern: Farming, fish, meat, shipping, logging
Middle: Wheat, cattle, grain, dairy products Southern: Tobacco, cotton, rice, corn, indigo |
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Who are the loyalists and Patriots?
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Loyalist - A colonist of the American revolutionary period who supported the British cause.
Patriot - a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors. |
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Description of Loyalists and Patriots
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Patriots:
• They came from every rank in society • Some were wealthy merchants or lawyers annoyed at Britain’s control over trade • Rich Virginia planters supported the patriot cause • Patriot leaders were from the wealthy and educated elites but the majority came from the lower classes of artisans and poor farmer • There were some patriot sympathizers in lands north of the Thirteen Colonies - Some were wealthy merchants & lawyers - Others were of a lower class - They were annoyed with the British control over trade - Patriot supporters in the Northern Colonies • - Pass government acts Loyalists: · They came from every rank in society · Some were wealthy merchants or lawyers annoyed at Britain’s control over trade · Rich Virginia planters supported the patriot cause · Patriot leaders were from the wealthy and educated elites but the majority came from the lower classes of artisans and poor farmers · There were some patriot sympathizers in lands north of the Thirteen Colonies - 1/5 of the population of the American colonies - These were people who stayed loyal to the British Crown throughout the revolution - Poor farmers & artisans - Despised colonial elite - 500,000 loyalists - Had to swear an oath to the congressional congress - Fiercely loyal to the king - Will not swear an oath of allegiance to the King - Believed a solution should be worked out with the empire |
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What was the american revolution?
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The American Revolution was a political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. They first rejected the authority of the Parliament of Britain to govern them and then expelled royal officials. Each colony then established a governmental constitution to govern itself, but still recognized the British crown as their empire. The British responded by sending combat troops to re-establish royalist control. This created the American Revolutionary War. The British wanted to break from the British Empire after the French and Indian War because they were placing a tax burden on the colonies and created strict shipping policies, etc.
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Important terms and people to the revolution
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John Adams-Lawyer that defended the british soldiers that were in the boston massacre and were thought to have killed the five civillians.
King George III-He was hated by the colonies and he ruled Britain throughout the French and Indian war and the revolution. George Grenville-passed the sugar and stamp act Thomas Jefferson-He was a president of the US and he created the Declaration of Independence, which justified American independence from Britain. George Washington-First president of the US, he was a Virginia planter and military officer that participated in the first engagement of the French and Indian War. Boston tea party Pontiacs Rebellion- He was a chief that took several native tribes and attacked the british settlers after the French and indian war. Stamp Act congress- meeting to fight the stamp act (Americans met) Loyalists- Supported Britain Patriots- Fought Britain French and Indian War- Britain merged as the dominant power of the American continent Mercantilism |
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what is mercantilism
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Mercantilism- Mercantilism is an economic theory that stipulated that nations should amass wealth in order to increase their power. Under mercantilism, the European powers sought new colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia because they wanted sources of cheap natural resources such as gold, cotton, timber, tobacco, sugarcane, and furs. They shipped these materials back to Europe and converted them into manufactured goods, which they resold to the colonists at high prices.
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What was the boston tea party?
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Boston Tea Party- An incident that took place on December 16, 1773, when a band of Bostonians led by the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans and destroyed chests of tea aboard ships in the harbor. The Tea Party prompted the passage of the coercieve Acts to punish Bostonians and make them pay for the destroyed tea. They did it because the tax that was on tea that Americans did not want. Boston Massacre happened before this.
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What was the continental congress
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On the night of April 18, 1775, two lanterns were hung in the church. Paul Revere along with two other riders set out on horseback to Concord to warn the Minutemen. After a night of marching the king’s troops reach the village of Lexington, Massachusetts on April 19 and were confronted by 70 minutemen. The British commander ordered the Minutemen to leave. The leader of the Americans told his troops not to fire and began to withdraw. Then someone fired which led the British to open fire on the Minutemen leaving eight of them dead and nine wounded. This became known as “the shot heard ’round the world.”
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What was the french and indian war?
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For decades France and Britain engaged in battle for supremacy in North America. In 1754 a struggle began between American colonists and the French and their Native American allies for control of Ohio Valley. This dispute led to a final clash of empires, a world war that led to a British victory and the end of French control of North America. The French and Indian war became apart of the Seven Years War. Moreover, Britain wanted to end sought global primacy and an end to French military, the American colonists objective was more local. They wanted to end the native raids on their colonies and open the Ohio River valley to settlement, but they had to eliminate French support to do this. American colonies and the Iroquois confederacy were with the British and New France and smaller native tribes were with the French.
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What caused the french and indian war?
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For decades France and Britain engaged in battle for supremacy in North America. In 1754 a struggle began between American colonists and the French and their Native American allies for control of Ohio Valley. This dispute led to a final clash of empires
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four affects of the french and indian war
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1. The colonists are recognizing that the British are not good people
2. The Native American resistance 3. The proclamation of 1763 4. Taxes are raised |
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Albany Plan and why was it important?
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The Albany plan of Union was a proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies suggested by Benjamin Franklin, who was a senior leader and a delegate from Pennsylvania at the Albany congress. More than twenty representatives from several northern and mid-Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian war and they wanted to form a tax system to raise money. This plan represented one of the multiple early attempts to form a union of the colonies by trying to form a self-government. Benjamin Franklin wanted to develop a common colonial system but it did not succeed. Instead, the colonies separated along Ohio River valley and organized their own expeditions and settlements. It was the first time that colonists tried to meet as one unit without the British crown and is an important event that represents the first time that the colonies thought of a unified government.
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PERMS FOR ALBANY PLAN
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Albany Plan:
P - Each colony should elect a delegate to represent them - Continental Assembly presided over by a Royal Governor - Ben Franklin created this idea - President elected by the King - Grand Council (Iroquois Nation) supported each other politically, economically and militarily E - Also wanted to create a continental taxing system - Each continent/ colony to pay for the military and commerce - All the money would go to support the army M - Continental Army S - Each colony doesn’t want to give up their identity (Virginians, South Carolinians...etc.) - Self-government - No taxation |
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What are the PERMS reasons for colonies to reject the plans for Union?
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• P - A government that doesn’t get controlled by the British crown
• E - Being able to make taxes that benefit the war to come • R - Having a religion that isn’t lead by the kind of England • M - Choosing who to go to war with and when. Also can be funded by their own taxes • S - Self-government would change America forever, one of the founding principals of America |
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Royal Proclamation Act? What was the British justification of the royal proclamation? What was the colonist’s reaction to the proclamation?
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III following Great Britain’s acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Year’s War, in which it forbade settlers from settling past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. The purpose of this was to organize Great Britain’s new North American Empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement and land purchases on the western frontier. It is still of legal importance today to first nations in Canada. They created it to pay for the protection and defense of the 13 colonies during the French and Indian war and to honor and reward aboriginals for their service during the war. They were angry, felt betrayed by their king and started to grow their discontent against the British. They continued to make incursions beyond the proclamation line despite the King’s orders and they felt entitled to the land that they helped Britain win.
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What was the sugar act and how did it affect the colonists?
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George Grenville noticed that the costs of collecting customs duties (exported goods) greatly exceeded the revenue collected, this made Grenville determined to reduce the duty on in the colonies on molasses. He also enforced stricter enforcement and collection of the lower duties. However, colonies were very mad because they had grown accustomed to the relaxed administration of this law. They began to boycott British goods to protest, as the colonists believed that the new impositions threatened their rights.
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What is the stamp act and how did it affect the colonists?
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Grenville introduced a further tax in the colonies the following year. The stamp act required all legal documents to be produced on paper bearing a stamp indicating that a tax had been paid. As a result, the American colonists were not happy with this and they boycotted British imports. They were angry because they have their own self-government and the king can’t make decisions for them (no taxation without representation).
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What is the townshend act? How did it impact colonists?
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Parliament revoked the stamp act due to the political disputes in Britain. Benjamin Franklin convinced Parliament to reconsider the tax, he argued that the colonists opposed internal taxes but did not challenge the British governments right to tax trade. The British government introduced a new set of taxes on imported items. The government believed that the colonists would accept these taxes because they were on trade. However, the Townshend taxes provoked anger throughout the colonies and non-importation and boycotting followed, it then turned very violent and turned into the Boston massacre.
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What was the declaratory act? How did it impact colonists?
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The British Parliament had to surrender due to the stamp act and they had to reassure their critics at home that they were not loosing control of the colonies. They passed the declaratory act to better secure the dependency of his Majesty’s dominions in America upon the Crown and the act declared that the British parliament had the same powers to make laws and approve taxes for the colonies as it did for Britain. The colonies felt unrest because they felt that there was nothing to defend them from the power of the British.
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What are the coercive acts? Who did they impact?
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The parliament passed a series of laws called the Coercive Acts, The acts were designed to subdue the rebellious colonists and restore British authority in Massachusetts. The first act closed the port of Boston to all trade until compensation was paid for the cargos of tea destroyed. The second act revoked self-government in Massachusetts by stripping the assembly of power to appoint colonial officials and forbidding town meetings. As a result, American colonies were outraged by the mistreatment of the British. The act again appointed troops to stay in Boston and enforce laws.
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WHAT were the names of the coercive acts?
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boston port act-closing of the port
Massachusetts government act-revoked self gov in massachusetts The Quebec Act- enlarged the boundaries of what was then the Province of Quebec and instituted reforms generally favorable to the French Catholic inhabitants of the region (did not relate to the others) The Quartering Act- applied to all of the colonies, and sought to create a more effective method of housing British troops in America. The colonies had been required to provide housing for soldiers |
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What was the Boston massacre? What happened and whom did it involve? When was it?
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The continual presence of British soldiers in Boston led to conflict. The soldiers were told to be in Boston to protect and support crown-appointed colonial officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary laws. Soldiers and inhabitants engaged in frequent fights and citizens constantly harassed the troops stationed in the city. On March 5th, 1770 these tensions culminated in a violent confrontation that became known as the Boston Massacre. It started off when a group of young men started to threaten a soldier who called for reinforcements in fear for his safety. Once the other soldiers had arrived, scuffles broke out and the crowd hurled snowballs at the soldiers who eventually fired. Five residents were dead by the time they had stopped firing and other citizens and soldiers were injured. This event provided propaganda for the anti-British.
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mayflower compact
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It was the first governing document of the Plymouth colony. It was written by the puritans/pilgrims that were fleeing religious persecution by the King of England. They traveled aboard the Mayflower in 1620. The pilgrims wanted to form this to establish a government and they all signed to follow the compact for the sake of order and survival. They created a set of laws and concequences so that everyone will work together. It was the first constitution.
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PERMS FOR MAYFLOWER
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P-self government
S-justice, equality and law R-religious freedom -Puritans are not tolerant of other religions |
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What was the slave trade?
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Slaves were taken from Africa to North America to be traded to the colonies. Rum, iron, gunpowder, cloth and tools were traded with Africa from North America. Slave trading was economically beneficial because they were cheap to take from Africa and were sold for good profits. The slave trade was seen as socially acceptable at the time but it was very inhumane and awful.
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Causes of the civil war?
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Causes of the Civil War
Immediate/ Short Term Causes: - Boston Tea Party - Closing the harbor Long Term/ Underlying Causes: - Being taxed (British Acts) - “No taxation without representation” - Colonists were trying to sustain a self-government system o Make independence - Boston Massacre |
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who were the sons of liberty?
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It was an organization of American Patriots that came from the colonies that wanted independence from Britain. The group was formed to protect colonist’s rights. They are known for the Boston Tea Party.
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