History Unit Iv Test

Front 1

Martin Van Buren

Back 1

8th President

A "yes" man - did simply what his advisors told him

First class, second rate man

Most intelligent president (one of)

Mellow

Front 2

First class, second rate

Back 2

Born from prestige, didn't measure up

Front 3

Panic of 1837

Back 3

Hessian fly - destroyed American crops ---> hurt economy

Front 4

Divorce bill

Back 4

divorce federal government from banking system (AJ failed, MVB believed it should be slow and gradual)

Front 5

William Henry Harrison

Back 5

A general

Hero for the poor people

Front 6

Lone Star Texas

Back 6

name for independent Texas

Front 7

1819

Back 7

when Americans began settling in Texas territory

Front 8

Texas territory

Back 8

Arizona, Utah, Texas, New Mexico

Front 9

Spain

Back 9

still owned texas territory

Front 10

1820

Back 10

Mexico received freedom and finally gained control of Texas

Front 11

1830

Back 11

Mexicans emancipate all their slaves, but Americans in TX don't want to free their slaves

Front 12

Stephen Austin

Back 12

goes to negotiate with Mexico about slaves

Front 13

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Back 13

dictator

didn't want to negotiate or have Americans in TX

had Austin thrown to jail for 8 months

Front 14

Santa Anna Army

Back 14

created to kick Americans out ofTX

Front 15

tejanos

Back 15

americans living in TX under MX rule

wanted to be independent from MX

Front 16

Sam Houston

Back 16

president of the independent texas (lone star republic)

Front 17

The Alamo

Back 17

Santa Anna launches attack on a mission occupied by 200 Americans

attacks with 2500 troops

Americans hold up for 13 days

Santa Anna kills every single person

"Remember the Alamo"

Front 18

Jim Bowie

Back 18

Bowie knife

supposedly killed 6 mexicans around his hospital bed

Front 19

Davy Crockett

Back 19

? in the Alamo

Front 20

Battle of San Jacinto

Back 20

Sam Houston's counter attack

Captures all troops and Santa Anna during siesta hour

Forces Santa Anna to grant Americans freedom

Front 21

Rio Grande River and Nueces River

Back 21

Rio Grande - border that Ameriacns wanted to separate them

Nueces River - border that Mexicans wanted

Front 22

1845 Polk's War/ War W/ Mexico

Back 22

Mexico says border is not the rio grande

Americans kill cows in what Mexico deem is their territory

Mexican army fires first

Front 23

President James K. Polk

Back 23

sends 5000 of his army along the river to guard border

Front 24

Zachary Taylor and James Slidell

Back 24

General that Polk sent along to negotiate with Mexico after the dispute w/ the cows

Front 25

Slidell Mission

Back 25

attempt to offer $40 million to negotiate with Mexicans; isn't accepted and Polk asks Congress to declare war

Front 26

Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott

Back 26

the two generals of Mexican/American war

Front 27

Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant

Back 27

lesser generals of Mexican/American war

Front 28

Mexican/American war battles

Back 28

Mexicans lose every single battles (there is no leading generals except for Santa Anna)

Front 29

John C. Fremont

Back 29

mapped and marked trails

gathers togethers Americans and fights for CA singlehandedly

why? mexican generals there weren't completely loyal to mexico

Front 30

Stephen Kearney

Back 30

sent in with Navy by Polk to secure border of CA

Front 31

Bear Flag Revolution

Back 31

the seizing of California from Mexico

Front 32

John Sutter

Back 32

supplised all the Americans guns plus food for the Bear Flag revolt

Front 33

Battle of Buena Vista

Back 33

ended War with Mexico

Started in Mexico City

Polk gives orders to follow Santa Anna's army until defeated

Winfield Scott leads them

Front 34

scorched earth policy

Back 34

as they continue to move, they burn everything in their way so people following couldn't get resources or supplies

Front 35

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 35

US gives MX $15 million (mostly to pay for CA)

border is established in the Rio Grande River

Front 36

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

Back 36

purchase of land beneath Arizona and New Mexico for the sake of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad

Front 37

January 24 1848

Back 37

discovered gold at the mill (sutter's)

Front 38

John Sutter's mill

Back 38

where gold is discovered

Front 39

James Marshall

Back 39

discovered gold and helped build the mill

Front 40

John Sutter

Back 40

didn't want anyone to know because he could get overrun

eventually overrun by gold miners

Front 41

Samuel Brannan

Back 41

journalist who made public the gold rush in journal at SF paper

Front 42

1849

Back 42

people start arriving in SF

1,000 originally and by 1849, 25,000 olived there

Front 43

49'ers

Back 43

the miners who came to cali to search for gold

Front 44

Placer gold

Back 44

gold that lied on top of the ground or creek bed

not a lot of them :(

Front 45

mining the minres

Back 45

SF shopkeepers/sellers sold shovels and supplies at ridiculous prices

lawyers/shopkeepers ended up making the most money during the goldrush

Front 46

Sep. 9, 1850

Back 46

CA applied and was accepted for statehood

Front 47

Result of the Gold Rush (biggest result)

Back 47

diverse society in California

Front 48

the Chinese :)

Back 48

largest immigrant group that moved to Cali during gold rush

Front 49

the Chinese - impact

Back 49

hardworkers, came in large numbers, dressed different, didn't assimilate well

Front 50

Foreign miners tax

Back 50

immigrants or foreigners had to pay $20.00 miner's license every month

intent: to get rid of Chinese

Front 51

women in the gold rush

Back 51

not a lot and unusual

no one intended to settle in CA

ended up as shopkeepers, cooks, seamstresses, laundresses, saloons, prostitutes

Front 52

SF

Back 52

first ghost town

Front 53

CA indians

Back 53

mistreated by gold miners

forced in to slave labor

miners would dump chemicals in streams to kill fish and force them to leave

hunting grounds overrun

no treaty making for their own land

Front 54

2,500 dollars

Back 54

how much CA state gov paid people for the scalps of indians

Front 55

Act for the Government Protection of Indians

Back 55

made it illegal to enslave indians in california

Front 56

genocide

Back 56

referral to the mistreat of the Native Indians during gold rush

Front 57

westward settlemtn

Back 57

half of americans were under age of 50

Front 58

difficulties in journey west

Back 58

lack of resources, no shelter, disease, premature death, lonely and depressing

Front 59

American identity

Back 59

created by the westward movement

(because no one else moved from coast to coast)

- why we're independent, self reliant, ambitious, entrepeuners

Front 60

Fun during move to west

Back 60

wrestling (no hold bars - anything goes)

Front 61

impact of movement to west on environment

Back 61

species hunted ot near extinction

Front 62

beaver and bison

Back 62

were hunted to near extinction

Front 63

Buffalo hunting

Back 63

made popular by Buffalo Bill Cody

popular sport hunt

Front 64

George Caitlin

Back 64

first American environementalist

Front 65

Yellowstone National Park

Back 65

preservation of the wildlife + natural habitat

created by Teddy Roosevelt and George Caitlin

Front 66

immigration in 1859

Back 66

427k immigrants came to the US

pop doubled every 25 years, for 100 years

Front 67

urbanization

Back 67

the infrastructure of a city/the development

Front 68

problems of urbanization

Back 68

slums, impure water, sewage, garbage disposals, no street lights (leading to crime!), and inadequate police force

Front 69

why immigrate

Back 69

europe ran out of room

letters saying how nice America is

Irish potato famine

Front 70

largest immigrant groups

Back 70

1st - Irish

2nd - Germans

Front 71

Germans

Back 71

brought kentucky rifle and christmas tree

Front 72

Frederick Jackson Turner

Back 72

student working on a PHD in history (1893)

first person who said westward movement created american character

forever altered how we viewed ourselves as american

Front 73

Significance of the Frotiner

Back 73

displayed westward movement that shape American character/glorious american character

written by Frederick Jackson Turner

Front 74

Pennsylvania turnpike

Back 74

first road

built by private company, and had to pay toll

Front 75

National Road (renamed: Cumberland Road)

Back 75

first national highway built by government

went from Maryland to Illinois

591 miles

completed 1852

Front 76

Savannah

Back 76

the first steamboat to cross the Atlantic

Front 77

Development of railroad (the problems)

Back 77

made out of iron which rusts

brakes were bad

cars made out of wood and flammable

created a gap between rich and poor

Front 78

mormons

Back 78

most hated and persecuted people in american in 1850

thrown out of missouri and illinois

Front 79

Joseph Smith

Back 79

shot and killed in Illinois

ran for governor and was arrested for suspected arson of a newspaper HQ after that newspaper covered polygamy

shot and killed in illinois

Front 80

Utah Territory

Back 80

where Mormons decided to go

Front 81

Deseret

Back 81

the refuge in Utah territory where Mormons went

Front 82

Steven Douglas

Back 82

proposed popular sovereignty

Front 83

popular sovereignty

Back 83

allowed states to choose for themselves if they should be free/slave

Front 84

Brigham Young

Back 84

governer of utah territory elected by Mormons

Front 85

use of popular sovereignty

Back 85

instead of using it to decide if free/slave, mormons chose it to legalize polygamy

Front 86

Franklin Pierce

Back 86

president who forbid polygamy in the US

Front 87

issue with forbidding polygamy in relation w/. morons @ utah

Back 87

utah was too far away, america too preoccupied

Front 88

Mormon code

Back 88

blood atonement to be made when u leave the church

government gets word people r killed when leaving the mormon church

Front 89

Avenging Angels

Back 89

secret group of assasins who was to kill mormons who tried to leave the church

Front 90

James Buchanan

Back 90

sends 2,500 US army troops to Utah

after MM massacre, send scommision to inquire terms of surrender

Front 91

John D. Lee

Back 91

leads the Mormon army and carries on the Mountain Meadow Massacre

is handed over to Buchanan and hung for the MM massacre

Front 92

Thatcher Band

Back 92

little band of settlers that passed Salt Lake City

Mormons refused to trade w/ them since they're from illinois

settlers out of desperation stole cattle

Front 93

Mountain Meadow Massacre

Back 93

John D. Lee captures thatcher band

tricks them in to letting them go

dress up as Indians and kill 120 people as being "led out" (only 17 children survive)

Front 94

Narcissa and Marcus Whitman

Back 94

wanted to be missionary to west + evangelize

married to move west

set up a church and house right in the oregon trail

Front 95

oregon trail

Back 95

where Narcissa and Marcus set up a church, school, mill (a rest stop for medical attention), and took in orphans

Front 96

Cayuse Indians

Back 96

ministered to by the Whitmans

saw them as a threat (witch doctor) when patients died when prayed over

Front 97

Spokan Prophesy (1790)

Back 97

a white man would come to the east, bring a book, and curse them

Front 98

measles epidemic

Back 98

the disease that spread in the oregon trail and attacked cayuse indians

Front 99

Cayuse War

Back 99

in Oregon Trail after Cayuse INdians believed Whitmans cursed them of measles disease

cayuse sent to fed government, hung, or moved to reserve

Front 100

media portrayal of whitmans

Back 100

used an angelic looking picture of her meant to sympathize with Narcissa

Front 101

Donner Party

Back 101

stuck in the sierras

cannibalism!!!!!!!!