History Unit 12

Front 1

dare

Back 1

if you - to do smth, you are not afraid to do it. went for better than I'd -d to hope/ I didn't - look inside the room/ I hardly -d speak to him 1) отваживаться, осмеливаться, сметь; иметь наглость (как модальный глагол, обычно в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях)

Front 2

deprived

Back 2

if smone is -, they are poor and do not have the things that are considered normal or necessary. she's from quite a - background. a - childhood/ a - area/ - children/ extremely -/ economically -/ emotionally -/ children who are - of love

1) отбирать, отнимать, лишать (чего-л.)

Front 3

flee

Back 3

if you -, you run away. they had to - the country/ had to - their homes/ - across the border/ - to safety

а) убегать, спасаться бегствомб) искать убежища, пристанища

Front 4

orphan

Back 4

if a child is -ed, both their parents die. a home for -s сирота

Front 5

privileged

Back 5

she is from -d background/ they are extremely -

Front 6

sheltered

Back 6

smone who is - has not experienced any of the unlpeasant things in life. she had a very - upbringing, lived a - life/ she seems very -/ quite -

1) укрытый; защищённый

Front 7

upbringing

Back 7

your - is the way in which you are bought up and educated by your parents воспитание

Front 8

advance

Back 8

if you - and idea, you suggest it. he -d the theory of the end of the history/ the scheme who first -d the idea

продвигать, содействовать, способствовать вносить выдвигать

Front 9

assert

Back 9

state very firmly that it is true

1) утверждать; заявлять, декларировать2) отстаивать, защищать, доказывать (что-л.)

Front 10

cast doubt on smth

Back 10

you say that you think it is not true. - on the theory

вызывать сомнения

Front 11

challenge

Back 11

you question it and refuse to accept it. he -d the status quo/ -d her ideas/ -d the conventional views of the time/ -d the government's authority

1) ставить под сомнение, оспаривать

Front 12

cite

Back 12

if you - someone, you mention it as an example of smth you are talking about. you -d Edward Gibbon/ -d the president as an example

1) ссылаться (на что-л.)2) цитировать, приводить цитату

Front 13

contend

Back 13

you argue that it is true/ he -s that governments play a minor role in the economy/ -s that political freedom is more important that wealth

1) утверждать2) оспаривать; спорить

Front 14

culminate with smth

Back 14

to end with smth. a series of suggestions -ing with the leader's cry "Oh, shut up"

а) венчать, завершать, стать завершениемб) закончиться, завершиться, увенчаться (чем-л.)

Front 15

decadence

Back 15

immoral behaviour. the - of the Roman Empire/ sexual - / a -ent regime/ a -ent period

упадок, спад, разложение, загнивание; падение; ухудшение

Front 16

pass away

Back 16

to die

Front 17

bark is worse than his bite

Back 17

they seem unfriendly or unpleasant but they are really quite nice.

Front 18

broken home

Back 18

family that does not live together because the parents are divorced.

Front 19

lust for life

Back 19

strong feeling of wanting to enjoy life as much as possible

Front 20

close-knit community

Back 20

сплочённая община

Front 21

pass off

Back 21

хорошо пройти (о мероприятии, событии)

Front 22

drop out of school

Back 22

1) выбывать (из конкурса)2) бросать (учёбу, работу)

Front 23

started off selling ice creams

Back 23

1) (start off for / on) начинать путешествие2) начинать делать (что-л.)

Front 24

move on to sellign textiles

Back 24

идти дальше; переходить к (чему-л. новому)

Front 25

if he really wanted to get ahead

Back 25

быть впереди; выигрывать; преуспевать

Front 26

set off to make his fortune

Back 26

1) отправляться (в путь)2) намереваться (сделать что-л.)

пр: хотел сколотить состояние

Front 27

build things up until he got to where he is today

Back 27

делать имя, создавать репутацию

Front 28

rough around the edges

Back 28

грубоватый

Front 29

burp after dinner

Back 29

рыгать

Front 30

endearing quality

Back 30

подкупающая черта

Front 31

come to terms

Back 31

1) договариваться; принять условия, пойти на уступки2) примириться

Front 32

to get his head round it all

Back 32

взять в толк

Front 33

build success

Back 33

стать успешным

Front 34

establish

Back 34

if you - smth, you find facts that prove that it is true. He - ed that the arrival of democracy was the endpoint for conflict/ trying to - the truth/ want to - who was in the building at the time

2) доказать, установить (факт)

1) учреждать2) устанавливать (отношения)3) устанавливать (какой-л. факт)4) упрочивать (репутацию, положение в обществе)

Front 35

give rise to

Back 35

to cause it. Roman's Empire's decline - to invasions/ - an argument/ - concerns about his health

Front 36

go by

Back 36

when times -, it passes. hardly a year - without a new book on the subject/ as the days -

Front 37

heritage

Back 37

all the beliefs, traditions and customs of your family or country/ Their cultural -/ need to preserve our national -

Front 38

highlight

Back 38

if you - smth, you show that is very important: -s the importance of ordinary people in American history/ the report -s the problem of youth crime/ - the dangers of consuming too much alcohol/ - the difficulties of policing such a large area.

1) отводить главное место; выдвигать на первый план2) подчёркивать, выделять3) отмечать слова в тексте маркером4) подкрашивать или обесцвечивать прядь волос (так, чтобы она ярко выделялась), мелировать

Front 39

lead

Back 39

soft grey metal: - poisoning/ use - on the roof/ - pipes

свинец

Front 40

outlook

Back 40

general attitude and opinion about smth/ the - of modern green movements/ an optimistic - on life.1) (for) перспективы, виды на будущее; прогноз2) точка зрения, взгляд, мировоззрение, мироощущение

Front 41

pottery

Back 41

objects made out of baked clay: stopped manufacturing - /

гончарные изделия, керамика, глиняная посуда

Front 42

put forward

Back 42

if you - an idea, you suggest it: - a new theory/ - some interesting ideas/ - a suggestion

1) выдвигать, предлагать (идею; чью-л. кандидатуру)2) передвигать вперёд (о стрелках часов)3) переносить на более ранний срок4) ускорять

Front 43

rigorous

Back 43

careful and exact: a new - scientific age/ a - piece of research/ work to - standards/ carry out - safety checks/ everything is -ly checked

1) строгий; неумолимый; безжалостный2) суровый, холодный (обычно о климате, погоде)3) доскональный, скрупулёзный, тщательный; неукоснительный4) точный

Front 44

sack

Back 44

if people - a city, they attack it and destroy it. Rome was -ed by the barbarians/ they -ed the city\а) отдавать (побеждённый город) на разграблениеб) грабить; воровать, расхищать

Front 45

sanitation

Back 45

1) оздоровление, улучшение санитарных условий2) санитария3) канализация; ассенизация4) обеспечение санузлом

Front 46

scarcity

Back 46

if there is a - of smth, there is very little of it / the - of evidence available/ a - of clean water/ food -ies/ jobs are -ce at the moment.

Front 47

scholar

Back 47

someone who is well-educated and knows a lot about a subject

а) учёный (обычно гуманитарий)б) филолог (обычно классик)в) тот, кто хорошо знает иностранный язык

Front 48

transition

Back 48

the process of changing from one thing to another/ The - between the fall of rome and the invading German tribes. the - to a market economy/ a rapid -/ a peaceful -/ make the - from junior school to secondary school

Front 49

uprising

Back 49

an attempt by a large number of people to change the government by force. The Romans were not defeated by popular -s/ and armed -/ the government put down the -

бунт, восстание, мятеж

Front 50

whip up

Back 50

if you - the strong emotion, you try to make people feel it. their leader is trying to - anger/ - support for the party/ trying to - interest in the scheme

разжигать