History Unit 12

Front 1

Napoleon III

Back 1

The first President of the French Republic and the only emperor of the Second French Empire.

Front 2

Alaska Purchase

Back 2

Purchase by the United States from the Russian Empire in 1867 at the behest of Secretary of State William Seward.

Front 3

New Imperialism

Back 3

This period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of aggressive competition for overseas territorial acquisitions.

Front 4

Josiah Strong

Back 4

He served as General Secretary of the Evangelical Alliance for the United States

Front 5

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 5

His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I.

Front 6

James Blaine

Back 6

A U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time United States Secretary of State, and champion of the Half-Breeds.

Front 7

Richard Olney

Back 7

He was an American statesman. He served as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland.

Front 8

Jingoism

Back 8

Extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy.

Front 9

Valeriano Weyler

Back 9

He entered at sixteen the military college of infantry at Toledo and attained the rank of lieutenant.

Front 10

Yellow Journalism

Back 10

Journalism that features scandal-mongering, sensationalism, or other unprofessional practices by news media organizations.

Front 11

Spanish-American War

Back 11

A military conflict between Spain and the United States that began in April 1898. The Treaty of Paris was signed in December.

Front 12

De Lome Letter

Back 12

This letter was stolen from the Post Office in Havana and released by Cuban revolutionists It spoke disparagingly of McKinley.

Front 13

USS Maine

Back 13

The sinking of this ship precipitated the Spanish-American War and popularized the phrase "Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!"

Front 14

Teller Amendment

Back 14

This placed a condition of the U.S. military in Cuba. The U.S. could not annex Cuba but only leave "control of the island to its people."

Front 15

George Dewey

Back 15

An admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay.

Front 16

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 16

He became President of the United States at the age of 42. He served in many roles including Governor of New York, historian, naturalist, explorer, author, and soldier.

Front 17

Rough Riders

Back 17

The name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War.

Front 18

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 18

Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role in Philippine independence during the Philippine Revolution.

Front 19

Anti-Imperialist League

Back 19

Established to battle the American annexation of the Philippines. They opposed annexation on economic, legal, and moral grounds.

Front 20

Insular Cases

Back 20

Cases decided early in the 20th century. The cases were the court's response to the American Anti-Imperialist League.

Front 21

Platt Amendment

Back 21

This amendment stipulated that Cuba would not transfer Cuban land to any power other than the United States.

Front 22

John Hay

Back 22

An American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln.

Front 23

Spheres of Influence

Back 23

An area or region over which an organization or state exerts some kind of indirect cultural, economic, military or political domination.

Front 24

Open Door Policy

Back 24

A concept in foreign affairs stating that, in principle, all nations should have equal commercial and industrial trade rights in China.

Front 25

Xenophobia

Back 25

A fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people.

Front 26

Boxer Rebellion

Back 26

An uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence.

Front 27

Big-Stick Diplomacy

Back 27

The slogan describing U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Front 28

George Goethals

Back 28

A U.S. Army officer and civil engineer, best known for his supervision of construction and the opening of the Panama Canal.

Front 29

William Gorgas

Back 29

He is best known for his work in abating the transmission of yellow fever and malaria by controlling the mosquitoes that carry them.

Front 30

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 30

This extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserted the right of the U.S to intervene in the economy of small nations in the Caribbean if they could not pay debts.

Front 31

Santo Domingo

Back 31

It is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World .

Front 32

Russo-Japanese War

Back 32

A conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea.

Front 33

Treaty of Portsmouth

Back 33

This treaty formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905.

Front 34

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Back 34

An informal agreement between two or more parties. May be written, oral, or part of an unspoken agreement through mutually beneficial etiquette.

Front 35

Algeciras Conference

Back 35

The purpose of this conference was to mediate the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, and to assure the repayment of a large loan.

Front 36

William Howard Taft

Back 36

He was the twenty-seventh President, the tenth Chief Justice, and a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party.

Front 37

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 37

A term used to describe the efforts of the U.S. to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia.

Front 38

Henry Cabot Lodge

Back 38

He argued on behalf of literacy tests for incoming immigrants, appealing to fears that unskilled foreign labor was undermining the american standard of living.

Front 39

Lodge Corollary

Back 39

A corollary to the Monroe Doctrine forbidding any foreign interest of any kind from acquiring territory in the Western Hemisphere.

Front 40

Woodrow Wilson

Back 40

The twenty-eighth President of the U.S. He served as President of Princeton University.

Front 41

New Freedom

Back 41

The policy of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson which promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency.

Front 42

Moral Diplomacy

Back 42

This slogan used by Wilson called for the United States to not interfere with foreign affairs.

Front 43

Jones Act

Back 43

Replaced the Philippine Bill of 1902 that served as the de facto initial constitution of the Philippine Islands after it was ceded by Spain.

Front 44

Mexican Civil War

Back 44

A major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz.

Front 45

Victoriano Huerta

Back 45

He entered the Mexican Army at the age of 17 and gained admission to the Military Academy at Chapultepec under the guidance of President Diaz.

Front 46

Tampico Incident

Back 46

A minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican land forces. Misunderstandings led to the breakdown of their diplomatic relations.

Front 47

ABC Powers

Back 47

A term sometimes used to describe the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.

Front 48

Venustiano Carranza

Back 48

One of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution. He ultimately became President of Mexico following the overthrow of the dictatorial Huerta regime.

Front 49

General John J. Pershing

Back 49

The only person, while still alive, to rise to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army — General of the Armies, comparable to Grand Marshal.