History Test Trimester 3

Front 1

Berlin Airlift

Back 1

Kept the W. Berlin population from capitulating (surrendering) to the Soviets, transported supplies in planes to the Western zone of Berlin

Front 2

Truman Doctrine

Back 2

Promised American military and economic aid where needed

Front 3

Marshall Plan

Back 3

1948, an ambitious program, US provided over $13 billion in grants and credits to reconstruct Europe, Truman's secretary of state: George C. Marshall

Front 4

Polaris

Back 4

American's nuclear powered submarine

Front 5

What was the balance of power, in Europe, during World War II, and how did it change when the war ended?

Back 5

During the war there was a balance of power, but afterwards the country was left in ruins. During WWII, Italy and Germany were very powerful. After the war, Germany lost its power.

Front 6

How did United States prove themselves a world power, and even THE world power, after WWII?

Back 6

Europe's tilt towards Communism scared U.S. policymakers, so President Truman advocated a policy of containing Soviet Communism. They started the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan which showed their ability to give money. The Berlin airlift, bombing of Japan.

Front 7

What countries went from being foe (during WWII) to friend rather quickly during the beginning of the Cold War? Why?

Back 7

Stalin went from being America's ally to enemy and the U.S. were no longer Germany's foe, and same with Germany. U.S. gave money because Germany and Japan were in stratigic positions.

Front 8

Who were the major players in the Korean war?

Back 8

Soviet Union - sent troops from North Korea to invade the U.S.-backed South Korea, set off the war.
UN Security Council - declared North Korea the aggressor and sent troops to restore peace.
Communist Chinese - Stalin's allies, rushed to rescue Communist regime in North Korea
North Korea
South Korea

Front 9

What were the outcomes of the Korean war?

Back 9

In July 1953, an armistice divided the country at roughly the same spot at the start of the war. Many deaths of Americans, Chinese, and Koreans had occured. The war energized America's anti-community commitments.

Front 10

How do we still see the effects of the Korean War today?

Back 10

The country is still divided into North (communist) and South Korea

Front 11

Zionism

Back 11

European Jews wanted to move to Palestine (holy land), justified by saying there were not Palestinians there

Front 12

Theodore Herzl

Back 12

Zionist scholar, Hungarian-born, who helped the Zionist cause

Front 13

Balfour Declaration

Back 13

1917, British made land for Jews within Palestine for the Jews to move back to, the tension between Jews and Palestinians start.

Front 14

King Faruq

Back 14

Overthrown, ruler in Egypt who was corrupt, supported by British who had troops throughout Egypt

Front 15

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Back 15

Egypt, Leader of the Free Officers Movement, endeared to the people because he gave them land, wanted to take control of company controling the Suez canal (goes to Africa)

Front 16

Free Officers Movement

Back 16

Egypt, one of the three factions who wanted the British out, overthrows Faruq, take power, work to lisband Communist movement and Muslim brotherhood, took land away from aristocracy and redistributes it to people

Front 17

Revolutionary Command Council

Back 17

Parliment that Nasser sets up to govern Egypt once he has taken power.

Front 18

Why would the British be so intent on protecting their stake in the Suez Canal?

Back 18

Because it was a key trade route for the British and would have to go around Africa otherwise, Egyptians won

Front 19

Colons

Back 19

French settlers in Algeria, people who controled Algeria despite not being natives

Front 20

Arabs & Berbers

Back 20

Natives to Algeria, Berbers go back as far as documentation goes ancient people who lived across Africa

Front 21

FLN

Back 21

Notional Liberation Front, Berbers/Muslims/Arabs who wanted French out of their country (Algeria), to free them from the French

Front 22

Revolt of 1954

Back 22

French vs native Algerians, 300 000 dead, native Algerians win, vast majority of French leave

Front 23

Charles de Gualle

Back 23

French president in France who extended Algeria their liberty after the revolts

Front 24

Nelson Mandela

Back 24

One of the leaders of the ANC, South African, campaigned for an end to discrimanatory legislation and was harassed and tried by the government on many occasions, urged peaceful resistance

Front 25

ANC

Back 25

African National Congress, opposed the apartheid regime with violence, was banned by the goverment

Front 26

Apartheid

Back 26

an extreme form of racial segregation

Front 27

Pass Laws

Back 27

Prohibited Africans from traveling outside their homelands without special work or travel passes

Front 28

Why did Europeans keep such strict, segregated order over the natives of South Africa?

Back 28

Pass laws prevented African natives from organizing and revolting. They saw S. Africa as a barrier against the spread of communism in Africa.

Front 29

French Colonists in Vietnam

Back 29

French came in to conlonize and make money off of the land, took land from locals, were outnumbered

Front 30

Ho Chi Minh

Back 30

Vietnamese intellectual, took lead in imagining a new Vietnamese nation-state (without French colonial rule), reads works of Marx (communist)

Front 31

Viet Cong

Back 31

a liberation force in Vietnam, Communist-lead, became a powerful nationalist organization as it mobilized the peasantry

Front 32

Why did the US enter Vietname?

Back 32

to stop the spread of communism

Front 33

Chinese Nationalists

Back 33

In control of China at the start of the 1930s when the Japenses invaded

Front 34

Mao Zedong

Back 34

Leader of the Chinese Communist party

Front 35

The Long March

Back 35

In 1934, Chinese Communists marched west for 6000 miles, started with 80 000 people and ended up with 10 000

Front 36

Who invaded China quickly after the long march?

Back 36

Japanese

Front 37

How did the Japanese invasion aid the Chinese Communists?

Back 37

Gives them a chance to regroup

Front 38

What did Chinese Communists offer the people to gain support?

Back 38

Recruit in rural communities around China, health care, women's rights in marriage, had organized governing

Front 39

Communists vs. Nationalists in China - who did the USA support?

Back 39

NATIONALISTS

Front 40

Taiwan

Back 40

Chinese Nationalists fled south to set up their own state backed by the US

Front 41

Jawaharlal Nehru

Back 41

one of the leaders of the Indian people, wanted modernization and industrialization following the country's freedom

Front 42

Gandhi

Back 42

Indian leader, did not want modernization, wanted self-governing villages, when there was violence between Hindus and Muslims he went on a hunger strike, was shot on his way to prayer by a Hindu zealot

Front 43

What two religious groups made up the vast majority of India's population following WWII?

Back 43

Hindus and Muslims

Front 44

British and Indian leaders broke the subcontinent down into what TWO countries?

Back 44

India and Pakistan

Front 45

What did Indian and British leaders hope to do by creating two countries?

Back 45

Hoped to create two countries for all one religion, Muslims & Hindus

Front 46

Why was there mass violence following the independence of India and Pakistan?

Back 46

There were still minorities (Muslims or Hindus) in each country

Front 47

How did Nehru decide India should progress upon gaining independence?

Back 47

modernization, industrialiation

Front 48

Leopold Sedar Senghor

Back 48

President of Senegal, poet, Negritude

Front 49

Negritude

Back 49

Longing for their homeland, African pride

Front 50

Nation

Back 50

a group of people with the same belief, ethnicity, cultural practices. EX Hindus or Muslims

Front 51

State

Back 51

official borders recognized by other countries in the world

Front 52

Nation-State

Back 52

a nation living within boundries recognized by other countries, both a nation and a state