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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Old Kingdom- dates
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2700-2200 BC
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Founding of old kingdom
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people migrated from the Mediterranean area
a powerful civilization emerged due to their control of the plentiful nile upper and lower egypt united |
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Middle Kingdom- dates
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2050-1800 BC
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Middle Kingdom founding
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new pharaohs united the land after a century of disunity
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New Kingdom- dates
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1550-1100 BC
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New Kingdom founding
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after being occupied by the Hyksos, new leaders emerged and drove invaders out of Egypt.
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pyramids were invented in what kingdom?
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The old Kingdom
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describe the pyramids.
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in Giza, tombs, were very costly and strenuous work.
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in what kingdom was the Nile acting less predictable?
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the Middle Kingdom
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1st peace treaty:
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in the New Kingdom, by the Egyptians and the Hittites
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Amon-Re
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the sun god
the chief god |
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Osiris- ruler of the
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underworld, and god of the Nile
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the book of the dead
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contained spells, charms, and formulas to use in the afterlife.
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Afterlife Test:
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weigh the dead person's heart against the feather of truth
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egyptian hierarchy
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1. pharaoh
2. high priests/priestesses 3. nobles 4. merchants, scribes, and artisans |
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what was the chronological order of writing styles?
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hieroglyphics
ideograms demotic |
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egyptian learning
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written language
advances in medicine and science (mummification, geometry, astronomy, calendars) |
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egyptian arts and literature
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statues
wall-paintings carvings buildings folk tales hymns and prayers proverbs love poems |
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explain how egypt wouldn't exist without the Nile.
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the nile gave them
water soil/silt trade route allowed civilization to develop wholly dependant on the nile |
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the pharaoh was believed to be a
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god
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power of the egyptian government was passed down through
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dynasties
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the Great Pyramid at Giza was built where and when?
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10 miles south of modern-day Cairo, built c. 2550 (old kingdom)
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the Great pyramid was built for...
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King Khufu (Cheops)
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the great pyramid was built by...
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conscript labor and permanent workers
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how was astronomy related to the building of the great pyramid?
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a vent from the burial chamber was aligned with the stars to creat a route to heaven, for the king to join the "indestructibles"
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what tools did masons use to shape and place the stone?
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set squares, plumb-bobs, and a-frames
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what was found in the great pyramid?
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three burial chambers, 1 dug into the solid rock below the pyramid
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first pyramid:
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"stone steps" at saqqara, six giant steps of stone
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an example of how organized and centralized egypt was at the time of the old kingdom:
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the work on the pyramids (gathering the materials, the workers, feeding and housing the workers)
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why were pyramids constructed in the shape they are?
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because the first bit of dry land was the shape of a pyramid.
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when did the first sumerian cities emerge?
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around 3200 BC.
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sumerian city-states often battled for...
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land and water
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sumerian's saw the underworld as...
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a grim place
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the earliest form of writing
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cuneiform
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when did Hammurabi bring much of mesopotamia under his control?
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1790 BC
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the Code of Hammurabi
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carved nearly 300 laws into a stone pillar
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the code of hammurabi- crime and punishment
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an eye for an eye
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amelu
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government, military and priests
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mushkinu
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artisans, merchants, scribes (skilled trade, or average people)
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wardu
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slaves
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order of the mesopotamian empires hierarchy
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amelu
mushkinu wardu |
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Achievements of the Old Kingdom
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Giza pyramids
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Decline of the Old Kingdom
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power struggles
crop failures the cost of the pyramids drought |
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Middle Kingdom Government
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new pharaohs reunited land
strong rulers organized projects same as old kingdom, corruption common, lots of discord |
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Achievements of middle kingdom
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a large drainage project
vast new stretches of formable land trade networks expanded |
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Decline of middle kingdom
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new egyptian leaders arose
- they drobe out the Hyksos - set up the new kingdom |
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new kingdom government
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monarch hatshepsut
ramses 2 |
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new kingdom achievements
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battle against the hittites of asia minor
peace treaty between the egyptians and the hittites greater contact with other communities |
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decline or new kingdom
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after ramses 2, egyptian power slowly declined
enemies conquered egypt and added the nile region to their empire |