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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
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-elected 4 terms as president
-died in office -New Deal policy -in office during World War II |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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-part of New Deal
-gave money to the aged, people to sick to work -increased purchasing power -provided safety net to aged and sick -some argue SSA does not help to increase purchasing power because had to tax first |
Social Security Act (1935)
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-part of New Deal
-provided work for the unemployed young men -built roads, bridges, campgrounds, planted trees, etc. |
Civilian Conservation Corps
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-established in 1933 as part of the 100 days legislation
-oversaw construction projects capitalized at greater than $25,000 |
Public Works Administration
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-established in 1935
-oversaw projects $25,000 and less -could oversee construction and nonconstruction projects (theater, arts, writer’s projects, etc.) |
Works Progress Administration
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-established after passage of NIRA to reform of business practices—codes of conduct—written up principally by big business; small business left out of reforms
-see shades of business associationalism -eventually fell apart from within; didn’t work; in 1935, US Supreme Court found that NIRA unconstitutional |
National Recovery Administration
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-created in 1933 to control flooding in Tennessee River Valley and provide work for the region's unemployed
-produced inexpensive electric power for the region -improved economic and social conditions in the Tennessee Valley through development of hydroelectric power and regional planning |
Tennessee Valley Authority
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-13 Dec 1937—Japanese take Nanking, China
-kill hundreds of old men, women, children -referred to as “The Rape of Nanking” |
Nanking
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-27 Sept 1940—Tripartite Pact signed (Germany, Italy, Japan)
-Japan signing because by this time policies in place to reign in Japanese expansion -not very effective alliance for Japan because of distance in between countries |
Tripartite Pact
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-23-24 Aug 1939—pact signed between Russia and Germany
-Stalin believed the Germans at this point |
Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact
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-amphibious attack against Great Britain by Germany early in World War II; had to take time to build this up
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Operation Sea Lion
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-30 April 1937 Neutrality Act; FDR put this bill forward
-foreign affairs developing and Congress realized that US can’t stay out of war forever -while no munitions could be sold to belligerent powers, US could sell supplies to others, they have to bring own ships, pay for themselves and carry back to own country -didn’t allow American ships and American sailors go into harms way |
"cash & carry" policy
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-most important step prior to the US actually entering war
-authorized the president to lend/lease military supplies and equipment to any nation that he deemed important in order to secure the defense of the US; GB first, then USSR after G invasion; US give $50 billion in aid; loosening of prohibition of US ships in U-boat war area of Atlantic / more direct contact with G |
Lend-Lease Act (1941)
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-main reason for early German success
-evolutionary development of combined arms (infantry, army, artillery work together to destroy enemy) -used get behind enemy’s front defenses and pierce from behind |
Combined Arms Approach
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-began 8 Nov 1942
-US and British attacked from two sides (from the east--British and from the west--US) -used to force Germans out of Africa |
Operation TORCH
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-began 6 June 1944—D Day with the invasion of Normandy
-start of western Allied front in Europe -invasion of France -US and Great Britain go into France and start squeezing Germany army back into fatherland along with squeeze from Soviet |
Operation OVERLORD
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-Army General in the Pacific during World War II; wanted Japanese attack from Australia to the Philippines and continue to Japanese home islands; 2-pronged attack (beginning in Sept 1943) under him; meet with the navy in the Japanese home islands
-lead Invasion of Kyushu -commanded UN army in Korean War |
Douglas MacArthur
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-against Army's strategy of attacking Japan from the South
-said tne most effective attack was across Central Pacific -begin in Gilber to Iwo Jima and end up in Okinawa with the army |
Chester W. Nimitz
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-described World War II
-war of unlimited scope in which a belligerent engages in a mobilization of all available resources at their disposal -used to entirely destroy or render beyond use their rival's capacity to continue resistance. |
Total War
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-issued by Roosevelt and Churchill in 1941
-a statement of principles between the U.S. and U.K.: (1) desired no territorial gains (2) respected national selfdetermination (3) hoped that all men would live in freedom from fear and want |
Atlantic Charter
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1. In 1944, representatives of same 4 powers (US, GB, USSR, China) met at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C.
2. Drew up plans for a post-war international organization for the maintenance of peace 3. Decided to call organization the United Nations |
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
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-Apr-June, 1945
1. Despite the unexpected death of Roosevelt just before the conference, delegates representing 50 nations met as planned. 2. Delegates completed the United Nations Charter. |
San Francisco Conference
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-comes out of interest of US to help/protect Greece and Turkey to stand up to guerrilla Communist attacks/infiltrations
-originated from a speech on 12 March 1947 to Congress -part of growing response of US of expansion of communism outside of Soviet Union -marked beginning of cold war; no fighting, activities of war going on; threat of nuclear war |
Truman Doctrine (1947)
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-initiated by Secretary of State Marshall (Marshall Plan)
-because of economic devastation of WWII, feared that countries could become communist like Soviet Union (forcing eastern European countries) -17 western European nations participate; $12.5 billion in aid -successful in supporting economies to dissuade from communism |
European Recovery Program
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-Paul Nitze took Kennan’s ideas and established cold war foreign policy; hardliner when it comes to communism
-global ideological clash between US “freedom” and Soviet“ slavery” -contain Soviet expansion more aggressively, no negotiations -US back this up by massive military buildup during peacetime (including nuclear weapons) |
National Security Council Document 68
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According to Robert James Maddox in his essay “The Biggest Decision: Why We Had to Drop the Atomic Bomb,” was the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary and, if so, why?
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The dropping of the atomic bombs was necessary in order to end a bloody war and obtain Japanese surrender that would have been far bloodier had invasion of Japan proved necessary.
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According to Michael D. Haddock in his essay “The GI Bill, can the G.I Bill be seen as an extension of the New Deal and, if so, how?
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-increased earning power of those involved
-generated additional income tax revenue -in order to assist returnees |
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According to Walter Karp in his essay “Truman vs. MacArthur,” what was Harry Truman's justification for firing General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War?
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insubordination
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List the five main purposes of the United Nations.
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1. Maintain international peace and security
2. By collective action, remove threats to the peace and suppress acts of aggression 3. Develop friendly relations among nations 4. Promote respect for human rights without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion 5. Encourage international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural,and humanitarian problems |
