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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Martin Luther |
-Wrote the 95 Thesis -Believe you have to have the Grace of God to get into Heaven |
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Indulgences |
Something you can purchase from the church to get out of sin |
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Ninety-five Theses |
Disputation on the power of Indulgences |
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Frederick of Saxony |
-Protected Martin Luther from the Higher(upper) class |
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Lutherans |
Followers of Martin Luther |
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Protestants |
-People who favor protesting the religion |
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Peasants Revolt |
-Peasants rise up and fight against the leaders |
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Peace of Augsburg |
-Ends wars of reformation -Western Europe is split right down the middle |
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John Calvin |
-Believed in Predestination -The Grace of God has already been out on you since you were born |
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Calvinists |
John Calvin's Followers |
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Huguenots |
Protestants in France |
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Edict of Nantes |
Legalizes being a Huguenots |
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Henry VIII |
- Starts the reformation in England - Didn't let him divorce his wife - Created the Church of England |
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Catherine of Aragon |
- Henry VIII's first wife |
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Anne Boleyn |
-Henry VIII's Mistress |
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Church of England |
- Church created by Henry VIII |
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Queen Bloody Mary |
-Henry VIII's Daughter -Catholic |
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Queen Elisabeth I |
-Henry VIII's Daughter -Protestant |
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Prince Henry the Navigator |
The father of exploration |
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"God and Gold" |
The age of exploration |
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"Passage to India" |
-Quickest passage from England to India -Goes around Africa to get to India |
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Vasco da Gama |
Discovers the quickest passage from England to India "Passage to India" |
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Christopher Columbus |
-Not from Italy -Sent from Portugal to the new world |
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John and Sebastian Cabot |
Sent to the new world by England |
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Scientific Revolution |
Changed the way people thought about the physical world around them |
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Nicolas Copernicus |
Opposed the geocentric theory by creating the Heliocentric theory |
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Geocentric theory |
Earth is the center of the universe |
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Heliocentric theory |
-Nicolas Copernicus created -The sun is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it |
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Galilei Galileo |
-Invented the telescope -Found the moon |
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Newtonian Physics |
-Universe has an order that has nothing to do with god |
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Deists/Deism |
God is the great clock maker that created the universe |
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"Science of Man" |
Ability to predict the future |
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The Enlightenment |
-Time when science, logic, and reason would become more important than the church or love -Led by Philosophers |
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Philosophes |
-A leading writer or thinking of the Enlightenment -Creates the encyclopedia |
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Tyranny |
-Government has absolute power |
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Liberty |
Freedom |
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Thomas Hobbes |
- Pessimistic, thinking humans are bad - Human action was motivated entirely by selfish concerns |
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John Locke |
-Optimistic thinking humans were good -Liberal |
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Constant Vigilance |
-Idea to keep an eye on government for tyranny(absolute power) |
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Adam Smith |
-Wealth of Nations -says a nation's wealth should depend on the amount of Industry, trade, and growth it conducts |
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First Estate |
-Clergy -Weren't expected to pay taxes |
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Second Estate |
-Nobles of the Sword -Nobles of the Robe |
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Nobles of the Sword |
-Traditional Nobility |
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Nobles of the Robe |
Bought Titles |
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Third Estate |
-Bourgeoisie -Peasantry -Urban Laborers |
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National Assembly |
Members of the Bourgeoisie meet to create a government mirroring American Democracy |
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Estates General |
Power after revolution |
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Tennis Court Oath |
Come together and rule |
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Louis XVI |
-Was Decapitated -Called to the guillotine |
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The Great Fear |
-Peasants think the Government is going to kill them to end revolution |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man |
-Says they should all get liberty, equality, eliminate special treatment -Created by the National Assembly |
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La Patrie |
Patriotism that comes from the French revolution |
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Napoleon Bonaparte |
-Wants to take over Spain -Wants to make France good again |
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Enlightened Despot |
Takes the good ideas of the French Revolution |
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Spanish Ulcer |
- Spanish idea that they need to defeat Napoleon |
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War to the Knife |
- Will fight you all the way down to a knife |
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Joseph Bonaparte |
- Napoleon's Brother - Napoleon puts him in charge of Spain so that they wouldn't rise up |
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Battle of Jena |
-Prussia is humiliated by their loss and builds up their military |
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Grand Army |
- Napoleon's ground forces |
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Battle of Waterloo |
-Napoleon is defeated and sees him away -Unites the people of France -Unleashed Nationalism |
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Klemens von Metternich
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-Austrian-Hungarian, host. -Against Nationalism, Liberalism, and independence movements |
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Robert Stewart |
-From England -Don't punish France |
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Tsar Alexander I |
-From Russia -Christian Dictatorship -Christianity needs to be in power |
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"The Long Century" |
19th Century Industrial revolution |
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Industrial Revolution |
-Begins in western Europe -England because they are wealthier |
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James Watt |
-Invented the steam engine |
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Steam Engine |
supported factory jobs & children and woman were able to find work |
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Holy Monday |
when they get so drunk on Sunday that they couldn't go to work on Monday |
