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46 Cards in this Set
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representative body of delegates form all 13 colonies, drafted declaration of independence, and managed the colonial war effort |
Second Continental Congress 1775 to 1781 |
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1st american constitution that established the US as independent under a weak national congress, not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes, replaced by more efficient constitution in 1789 |
Articles of Confederation 1781 |
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created policy for administering NW territories, it included path to statehood and forbade expansion of slavery into territories |
Northwest Ordinance 1787 |
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favored a much stronger central government, he contributed personality and persuasive eloquence to getting support for federalism, also contributed to "The Federalist" articles |
Alexander Hamilton |
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wrote and published "The Federalist" articles |
James Madison |
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collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and published during ratification debate in NY lay out federalist arguments in favor of new constitution, important source for constitutional interpretation |
The Federalist 1788 |
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armed uprising of west Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and end to property foreclosure, quickly put down, insured fears of "mob rule" among leading revolutionaries |
Shay's Rebellion 1786 |
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determined each slave would be counted as 3/5s a person for tax and representation purposes, compromise granted disproportionate political power to southern slave states |
3/5s Compromise 1787 |
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opponents of 1787 constitution, cast document as antidemocratic, injected to subordination of states to the central |
Anti-Federalist |
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1st ten amendments to US constitution, amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to states all power not explicitly delegated or prohibited by constitution |
Bill of Rights 1791 |
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1st US president, 1789, federalist, esteemed war hero, won by unanimity, left a legacy, said to stay out of foreign affairs, didn't like party sytem |
George Washington |
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Secretary of War, 1789 |
Henry Knox |
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Secretry of State, 1789 |
Thomas Jefferson |
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2nd US president, 1796, beats A. Hamilton, one of the ablest statesmen of his day, tactless and prickly intellectual aristocrat, hated A. Hamilton |
John Adams |
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Chief Justice, 1789, went to London in 1794 to negotiate with the british, made unpopular pact, helped with "The Federalist" |
John Jay |
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Proposed by Hamilton, created by congress in 1791, chartered for 20 years, located in Philadelphia, given capital of $10 million, 1/5 owned by federal government, opened stock to public |
Bank of the United States |
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supported representative government based on popular sovereignty with emphasis on liberty, civic virtue, in 18th century americans thought alternative to monarchical rule, Thomas Jefferson |
Republicans |
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representative of the french republic, joined the Jeffersonian Republicans, had to withdraw an was replaced |
Edmund Genet |
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SW pennsylvania, sharply challenged new national government, hated high excise tax, erected whiskey poles, ended up bringing collections to a halt, washington threatened with troops, minuscule (3 killed), made washington's government respected |
Whiskey Rebellion |
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sent a wave of hysteria through the US, "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute," diplomatic conflict between US and France |
The XYZ Affair 1797 |
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struck heavily at undesirable immigrants, raised residence requirements to 14 years, never enforced; provided that anyone who impeded policies of the government/ defamed officials would be liable for fine/ imprisonment |
Alien Law and Sedition Act |
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brillant formulation of extreme states' rights view regarding the Union, later used by southerners to support nullification/ secession, basically campaign documents to crystalize opposition to federalist party |
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
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crafty French foreign minister, lead to XYZ Affair |
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand |
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master wire puller, turned NY to Jefferson by narrow margins, became Jefferson's VP during 1st term, election of 1800, accused of treason |
Aaron Burr |
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"watchdog of the treasury," agree with Jefferson that national debt was a problem, took Hamilton's secretary of treasury spot |
Albert Gallatin |
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selected to explore the N. Louisana Purchase, found many things (missouri river, indian tribes, ext.) had aid from Sacajawea, 2 and a half year expedition |
Lewis and Clark 1804 |
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shaped american legal traditions, served at valley forge, federalist assumed the position of chief justiceship in 1801 |
John Marshall |
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supreme court case that established "judicial review" |
Marbury v. Madison 1803 |
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act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by british navy against americans, 1793- 1815, continual source of conflict between Britain and US |
impressment |
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response to British/French mistreatment of American merchants, banned export of all goods from US to foreign ports, closed door on possible compromise with south and encouraged slaves to flee to Union lines |
Embargo Act 1807 |
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passed alongside of repeal of embargo act, reopened trade with all but 2 nations (Britain and France), continued Jefferson's policy of economic coercion |
Non-Intercourse Act 1809 |
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a Shawnee indian, helped British in battle of tippeacanoe, died in 1813 at battle of the thames |
Tecumseh |
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William Henry Harrison advanced his army to Tecumseh's headquarters |
Batle of Tippeacanoe 1811 |
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governor of indiana territory |
William Henry Harrison |
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democratic republican congressmen who pressed J. Madison to declare war on Britain, largely from south and west, accused british of supporting Indian attacks against american settlements on frontier |
War Hawks 1811 to 1812 |
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placed in command of militia in 1814, became national hero |
Andrew Jackson |
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detained american at Fort McHenry during War if 1812, wrote the words of the "Star-Spangled Banner" |
Francis Scott Key |
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astonishing win for US over the British, January 8, 1815, killed 70 americans, A.Jackson lead army |
Battle of New Orleans |
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convention of federalist from 5 New England states who opposed the war of 1812 and resented strength of S and W interest in congress and white house |
Hartfordf Convention 1814 to 1815 |
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popular name for the period of one-party republican, rule during James Monroe's presidency, term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements , slavery, and national bank |
Era of Good Feeling 1816 to 1824 |
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Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry, Clay advocated a strong banking system, protective tariff, and federally funded transportation network |
American System 1820s |
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severe financial crisis brought on primarily by efforts of the bank of the US to curb over speculation on W lands, disproportionately affected the poorer classes, especially in W, sowing seeds of Jacksonian Democracy |
Panic of 1819 |
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allowed Missouri to enter as slave state but preserved balance between N and S by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in L.P. north of 36'30' |
Missouri Compromise 1820 |
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statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking new territories in US, actually enforced by British (who wanted access to Latin American arkets) |
The Monroe Doctorine 1823 |
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1st protective tariff in US history, created to shield New England manufacturers from inflow of British goods after War of 1812 |
Tariff of 1816 |
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supreme court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the US by establishing that state of Maryland did not have power to tax the bank |
McCullough v. Maryland 1819 |
