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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why were the battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg significant? What did they alter militarily and diplomatically?
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The battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg hurt the chances of advancement for the Confederacy. General Grant's strategy to "split the Confederacy in two" was a successful drive in the city of Vicksburg when the Union defeated two Confederate armies and laid siege to the city. Another great victory for the Union was Gettysburg, where the Confederacy suffered 28,000 casualties. These battles shifted the streak of triumph from the Union to the Confederacy. Diplomatically, these battles caused a Republican sweep across state and local elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. Also, American diplomats finally cut the flow of advanced weapons to the Confederacy.
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b. Describe the factors that helped migrants and immigrants in urban centers transform into American “city people” during the last two decades of the nineteenth century.
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Newcomers from different ethnical backgrounds--such as the Italians, Bohemians, and Russians, just to name a few--found ways to endure their new environment. They found belonging by gaining jobs and participating in forms of entertainment, politics, and sports. These newcomers found home in the modern city.
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What contributed to President Wilson’s decision to declare war on Germany in April 1917? In your answer also identify the two most important influences on the United States’ entry into World War I on the side of the Allied Powers.
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The first incident which made President Wilson reconsider his opposition to war occurred in April 1915 when a German U-boat sank the British luxury liner, Lusitania. The next event that pushed the president toward war was the Zimmerman telegram, which announced that if the U.S. entered European war, Germany would help Mexico recover "lost territory of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona." Due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram, the U.S. entered the war on the Allied Powers.
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Where did white planters seek enslaved laborers during the era of the "Cotton South"?
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Africa and the Chesapeake region
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What was the Domestic Slave Trade?
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The Domestic Slave Trade was the movement of slaves from one country to another. This was driven by the increase of the cotton industry.
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What was the Compromise of 1850?
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The Compromise of 1850, brokered by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, created the illusion that the territorial issue had been resolved once and for all.
admitted California as a free state allowed the territorial legislatures of New Mexico and Utah to settle the question of slavery in those states set up a stringent federal law for the return of runaway slaves abolished the slave trade in D.C. gave Texas $10 million to abandon its claims to territory in New Mexico east of the Rio Grande |
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What was popular sovereignty?
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Popular sovereignty said that actual residents of territories should be able to decide by voting whether or not slavery should be allowed in that territory and would determine future admission to the Union as a free or slave state.
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What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
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The Dred Scott v. Sandford case raised the controversial issue of Congress' constitutional authority over slavery in the territories.
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Explain the ruling of the Plessy v. Ferguson case.
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The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory and that it did not violate the 14th amendment; "seperate but equal"
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Explain the ruling of Williams v. Mississippi?
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Williams v. Misssissippi validated the disfranchising devices of the sotuhern states on the grounds that if race was not specified, the rights of blacks to vote under the 15th amendment was not being violated.
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What was Lincoln's view on slavery?
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Slavery provoked Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech, which said that American society "cannot endure permanently half slave and free... It will become all one thing or all of the other."
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Where did secession first occur?
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Secession first occurred in South Carolina.
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What was the main cause of secessionist fervor?
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After Lincoln was elected in November 1860, secessionist fervor swept through the Deep South.
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What began the American Civil War?
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battle of Fort Sumter; Confederate victory
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What were the military draft policies in the Confederacy?
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The Confederate Congress imposed the first legally binding draft in American history.
Laws extended existing enlistments and required three years of military service from all men between the ages of 18-35. 2 loopholes - exempted one white man (a planter, son, or overseer) for each 20 slaves; draftees could hire substitutes |
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What were the military draft policies in the Union?
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The Union drafted men also. However, they allowed men to avoid military service by providing a $300 fee.
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Explain the first battle of Bull Run.
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Lincoln hoped a quick strike against the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA would end the rebellion. Lincoln ordered General McDowell and an army of 30,000 men to attack troops at Manassas. Panic swept when the Confederate soldiers counterattacked. McDowell's troops retreated.
This battle proved that the rebellion would not be easily crushed. |
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What was the Peninsula Campaign?
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The Peninsula Campaign was the Union operation, led by General McClellan, to capture Richmond, VA.
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Explain the battle at Antietam.
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The battle at Antietam remains the bloodiest single day in U.S. military history. Although considered a Union victory, McClellan allowed Lee to retreat to Virginia due to the appalling number of casualties.
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What was the objective of the Western Campaigns?
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The objective of the west was to cut the Confederacy in two by winning at the Mississippi River. This was a successful campaign led by Grant and victory for the Union.
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What military battles changed the course of the Civil War?
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Vicksburg and Gettysburg
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What battle gives the Union control of the Mississippi?
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Vicksburg
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What concludes the American Civil War?
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The Civil War ends when Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House.
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What were the Reconstruction amendments?
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The Reconstruction amendments consisted of amendments 13-15. They were the first enacted after the Civil War and they all addressed the political and legal status of African Americans.
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What were the two main achievements of the Reconstruction Period?
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restoring the rebellious states to the Union
incorporating the emancipated slaves into the national citizenry |
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Who was Abraham Lincoln's successor?
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Andrew Johnson
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Who was the first president to be impeached?
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Andrew Johnson
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What was the Railroad Boom?
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It was love at first sight when locomotives arrived from Britain in the early 1830s. By 1860, a network of tracks crisscrossed the eastern half of the country. By 1900, virtually no corner of the country lacked a rail service.
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What is an oligopoly?
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An oligopoly is when a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers.
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What began the Spanish American War?
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The United States declared war on Spain after the sinking of USS Maine in Havana harbor.
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What was the role of Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War?
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Theodore Roosevelt immediately resigned as assistant secretary of the navy, ordered a fancy unfirom, and accepted commission as lieutenant colonel of a cavalry that soon became famous as the Rough Riders.
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What ended the Spanish American War?
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The two nations signed an armistice in which Spain agreed to liberate Cuba and cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the US. American forces occupied Manila pending a peace treaty.
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What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
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The Roosevelt Corollary was an add on to the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that no European countries were allowed to interfere in Latin American affairs.
The United States would act as "policeman" of the region. Citing this, the US intervened regulary in the internal affairs of Caribbean states. |
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When did the United States join World War I?
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The United States entered the war on the Allied side in April 1917.
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What was the significance of the Battle of the Atlantic?
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The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945.
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What were the Fourteen Points?
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The Fourteen Points was Woodrow Wilson's blueprint for a peaceful postwar world. Wilson's plan extended American ideals--democracy, freedom, and peaceful economic expanision--to the rest of the world.
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What caused disagreement between Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. senate?
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Article X - the provision for collective security
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Explain the culture, entertainment, and communications in the modern era (1920s).
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automobiles
paved roads the parcel post service movies radios telephones mass-cicrculation magazines brand names chain stores ADVERTISING |
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What was a flapper?
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Flappers were women who took on a new form of independence during the modern era. These women ignored the social norms and did what they wanted.
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What was the purpose of FDR's New Deal programs?
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FDR's New Deal programs put people to work and instilled hope for the nation's future.
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What was the first New Deal?
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"Hundred Days" - Congress enacted 15 major bills that focused primarily on four major problems: banking failures, agricultural overproduction, the business slump, and soaring unemployment.
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What were some problems with the New Deal?
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The Supreme Court ruled the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional.
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What was the second New Deal?
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The second New Deal emphasized social justice: the use of national legislation to enhance the power of working people and the economic security and welfare of the old, the disabled, and unemployed.
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What are the legacies of the New Deal?
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The New Deal restored hope and promised security after the Great Depression.
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