History Test 2

Front 1

was 1st US Secretary of Treasury. He wrote most of the federalist papers. Very bright child. Was a nationalist who emphasized a strong federal gov. Helped Jefferson defeat Burr bc he knew he wouldn't be a good president. Federalist party. He was always denounced by the Jeffersonians and later the Jacksonians, but his economic ideas, especially support for a flexible constitution, a protective tariff and a national bank, were promoted in the 1830s and 1840s by the Whig Party and after the 1854 by the newly created Republican Party, which hailed him as the nation's greatest Secretary of the Treasury.

Back 1

Alexander Hamilton

Front 2

1st president. leading the American victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander in chief of the Continental Army, 1775–1783, and presiding over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Wasn't college educated but was very smart.

Back 2

George Washington

Front 3

Was a modest president. 3rd president of the US and principle writer of the Dec. of Independence. Major events during his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806), as well as escalating tensions with both Britain and France that led to war with Britain in 1812, after he left office.

Back 3

Thoman Jefferson

Front 4

2nd US President. Was a conservative federalist. was an American statesman, diplomat and political theorist. A leading champion of independence in 1776, he was the second President of the United States (1797–1801). A New England Yankee, he was deeply read and represented Enlightenment values promoting republicanism. A conservative Federalist, he was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States.

Back 4

John Adams

Front 5

was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.Following the adoption of the United States Constitution, he became President Washington's Secretary of War. In this role he oversaw the development of coastal fortifications, worked to improve the preparedness of local militia, and oversaw the nation's military activity in the Northwest Indian War. He was formally responsible for the nation's relationship with the Indian population in the territories it claimed, at one point arguing that the country could take by force lands that Indian tribes were unwilling to sell.

Back 5

Henry Knox

Front 6

was a nineteenth-century American statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.
He was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party Systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812.

Back 6

Henry Clay

Front 7

was the United States' first well-known naval fighter in the American Revolutionary War. Although he made enemies among America's political elites, his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation which persists to this day.

Back 7

John Paul Jones

Front 8

was an American doctor and a Major General during the American Revolutionary War. He is remembered for playing a leading role in American Patriot organizations in Boston and for his death as a volunteer private soldier at the Battle of Bunker Hill while also serving as chief executive of the revolutionary Massachusetts government.

Back 8

Joseph Warren

Front 9

was killed in the Boston Massacre in Boston, Massachusetts. He has been frequently named as the first martyr of the American Revolution, an appellation which was used as early as 1851 by abolitionists petitioning the Massachusetts legislature for erection of a monument to his memory, a petition that was denied.

Back 9

Crispus Attucks

Front 10

7th president of US. Could be cold, such as in the duel when he didn't want his enemy, who was dying, to know that he had been injured bc he didn't want him to have the satisfaction. is legacy is now seen as mixed, as a protector of popular democracy and individual liberty for American citizens, checkered by his support for slavery and Indian removal.[2][3] Renowned for his toughness, he was nicknamed "Old Hickory". As he based his career in developing Tennessee, Jackson was the first president primarily associated with the American frontier.

Back 10

Andrew Jackson

Front 11

True or False: A lot of americans didn't want anything new and were rather conservative.

Back 11

True

Front 12

T/F: The british promised blacks freedom if they joined their side.

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

New state comes into union, it first has to be a territory, after it has 5,000 people it can become a state. Have to have legislator. When 60,000 people are present it can become an equal state.

Back 13

Northwest ordinance

Front 14

4 men who shaped history

Back 14

Washington, Adams, Hamilton, Jefferson

Front 15

Wasn't great with people. Couldn't command.

Back 15

John Adams

Front 16

was an American attorney, the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General. ntroduced the Virginia Plan as an outline for a new national government. He argued against importation of slaves and in favor of a strong central government, advocating a plan for three chief executives from various parts of the country. The Virginia Plan also proposed two houses, where in both of them delegates were chosen based on state population.

Back 16

Edmund Randolph

Front 17

T/F: Washington took Hamilton's advice and created a national bank that assumed all national debt.

Back 17

true

Front 18

____ argued that if rich owned bonds, the wealthy would have a stake in government and a reason to keep giving them money.

Back 18

Alexander Hamilton

Front 19

was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. The treaty's full title is Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States.

Back 19

Pinckney's treaty

Front 20

as a treaty between the United States and the Great Britain that is credited with averting war,[2] solved many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783,[3] and opened ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars that began in 1793.

Back 20

Jay's Treaty

Front 21

Wanted money to talk about treaty. Adams was pissed. Decided to build navy. It was a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War. It took place from March of 1798 to 1800.[1]

Back 21

XYZ Affair

Front 22

were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to prevent seditious attacks from weakening the government.

Back 22

Allien and Sedition Acts

Front 23

One way contract/ people born evil by nature. Thought it was their nature. Wanted a strong government to protect them.

Back 23

Thomas Hobbes

Front 24

T/F: Founding fathers got political views from religious founders and philosophers.

Back 24

true

Front 25

Believed in 2 way contract. Believed people were born neither good or bad. Government and people had certain responsibilities. Believed in natural rights.

Back 25

John Locke

Front 26

Social contract. Believed people were born good. If they became evil it was bc of the environment. Ruled by whats good for everybody.

Back 26

Jean Rousseau

Front 27

T/F: Hobbes saw government as policeman, Rousseau saw it as "father", Lock saw it as a "referee"

Back 27

True

Front 28

____ was somewhere in between locke and hobbes in his beliefs.

Back 28

Washington. Hamilton

Front 29

_____ followed Locke's beliefs.

Back 29

John Adams

Front 30

_____ between Lock and Rousseau

Back 30

T. Jefferson.

Front 31

_____ people looked at the world and then God.

Back 31

Enlightenment

Front 32

_____ had a great deal of faith in science. Many founding fathers were like this. Like todays many non-denominatinal believers.

Back 32

Deists

Front 33

_____ was the first president to go back to congress after his term

Back 33

John Quincy Adams.

Front 34

___ and ___ headed the Democratic and Whig parties.

Back 34

Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay

Front 35

T/F: Jackson defeated Clay because he was a better known war hero.

Back 35

true

Front 36

Was Jackson's political opponet. Didn't like that Jackson was a rich aristocrat. He challenged Jackson to a duel and used a pistol. Jackson shot him and then he died 2 weeks later.

Back 36

John Dickinson

Front 37

T/F: Jackson said if the nullification act was passed, he would hang people from trees

Back 37

true

Front 38

was the eighth President of the United States, serving from 1837 to 1841. Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the 10th Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson (1829–1831). He was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to be born an American citizen,[2] his predecessors having been born British subjects before the American Revolution. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch.[3] Moreover, he was the first president from New York.
Van Buren was the third president to serve only one term, after John Adams and his son, John Quincy Adams. He also was one of the central figures in developing modern political organizations. As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, he was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy,

Back 38

Martin Van Buren

Front 39

______ was the most resourceful advocate of a stronger national government.

Back 39

Alexander Hamilton

Front 40

55 men representing all states except Rhode Island attented sessions at convention They later became known as ______

Back 40

the founding fathers

Front 41

______ called for a national legislature of two houses. In the lower house, states would be represented in proportion to their population. Members of the upper house were to be elected by the lower house under no rigid system of representation

Back 41

Virginia Plan

Front 42

_____ plan was proposed by William Paterson. It retained the idea of existing system w/ its one-house legislature in which all states had equal representation but which would have given congress expanded powers to tax and to regulate commerce

Back 42

New Jersey plan

Front 43

______ called for a 2 house legislature. In lower house, states would be rep. on the basis of population; each slave would be counted as 3/5 of a free person in determining the basis for both rep. and direct taxation. In upper house states would be represented equally w/ 2 members a piece.

Back 43

Great Compromise

Front 44

______ most important person in creating the American Constitution. He did most of the drafting of Amer. Const. His most important achievement was in helping resolve questions of sovereignty and limiting power.

Back 44

James Madison

Front 45

T/F: Madison and his contemporaries decided that all power, at all levels of gov. flowed ultimately from the people. Madison argued that a large republic would be less likely to produce tyranny bc no single group would ever be able to dominate it.

Back 45

True

Front 46

What was the Constitution's most distinctive feature?

Back 46

It's separation of powers within the gov. Its creation of "checks and balances" among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Front 47

opponents of centralization had once used to describe themselves, implying they were less committed to a "nationalist" gov. than they were. Had support of Franklin, Washington, A. Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

Back 47

Federalists

Front 48

led by Patrick Henry and Sam Adams. Believed they were the defenders of the true principles of the Revolution. Believed the Const. would increase taxes, weaken the states, wield dictorial powers, favor the "well-born" over the common people and abolish individual liberty. Biggest complaint was that the constitution lacked a bill of rights

Back 48

Anti-Federalists

Front 49

T/F: Federalists under leadership of Alexander Hamilton and their opponents acquired name Republicans and were led by T. Jefferson and James Madison

Back 49

True

Front 50

_____ promoted a vision of an agrarian republic, in which most citizens would farm their own land.

Back 50

Thomas Jefferson

Front 51

T/F: Conflict w/ France, helped the Feds increase their majorities in Congress and began to think of ways to silence Republican opposition. The result was some of the most controversial legislation in Amer. history: The Alien & Sedition Acts.

Back 51

True

Front 52

_____ mobilized an organization of Rev. war veterans, the Tammany Society. to serve as a Republican political machine. Through Tammany's efforts, the party carried the city by a large majority, and with it the state.

Back 52

Aaron Burr

Front 53

_____ appointed by Jefferson to be chief justice of the Supreme Court

Back 53

John Marshall

Front 54

_____ believed in the creation of a nationwide system of public schools in which all white male citizens would receive free education.

Back 54

Republicans

Front 55

______ commissioner of the US who took formal control of Lousisiana Territory

Back 55

General James Wilkinson.

Front 56

____ were a group of extreme federalists in Massachussetts. Concluded that the only recourse for New England was to secede from the Union and form a separate "northern confederacy"

Back 56

Essex Junto