History Test 2

Front 1

International, intercolonial wars

Back 1

1. King William's War
2. Queen Anne's War
3. King George's War
4. French and Indian War

Front 2

FACTS FOR THE FIRST THREE WARS

Back 2

-the wars had originated in Europe and spread to America
-England was on one side and the Catholic countries (France & Spain) were on the other
-there was no clear winner or loser

Front 3

French and Indian War

Back 3

-began in America

Clash between Virginia colonials and French colonials in the Ohio Valley region. Virginian George Washington, 21, antagonized the French. England was the clear victor and the losers were France and Spain respectively. Native Americans on both sides of the battle.

Front 4

Treaty of Paris, 1763
RESULTS

Back 4

1. British national debt (occasion for taxation)
2. British aid to Indian allies
3. Colonial military experience -- helped in later years during the American Revolution
4. Colonial reassessment of British soldiers

Front 5

PARSONS Cause, VA.

Back 5

Crown and Privy Council overturned it and the preachers kept their salary.

Front 6

Friction between colonies and England before 1763

Back 6

Parsons Cause
Writs of Assistance
Abandonment of Salutary Neglect

Front 7

Writs of Assistance

Back 7

ruled entirely valid (made unhappy Virginians and those in Boston)

Front 8

Abandonment of Salutary Neglect

Back 8

easy, loose, lax policy of enforcing the Navigation Acts.

Front 9

Historical Interpretation

Back 9

be selective; decide what history to include/exclude. can be biased.

Front 10

Differences between writers and historians

Back 10

- writers bring in their personal selves (reflect their influences)
- historians views change and it depends on what time period they grew up in

Front 11

George Bancroft

Back 11

major influence of writers during this time period/write in which Americans can be proud. some of the first historians.

Front 12

Pro-American

Back 12

saw the American Revolution as a contest between good and evil (Colonials vs. British)

Front 13

Imperial School

Back 13

Charles M. Andrews
politics, principles; "inevitability"

Front 14

Progressive School

Back 14

Charles A. Beard
Economic interpretation

Front 15

1768 Liberty In Customs Riot

Back 15

against the salutary neglect and wanted them to enforce the Navigation Acts
*Boston was suffering economically
*Anti-British Riot

Front 16

Troops to Boston 1767-1769

Back 16

England sent them. Bostonians tried to make the soldiers miserable.

Front 17

1770 Boston Massacre

Back 17

*pre-planned riot
wanted to frighten the soldiers and it got out of hand. Soldiers held their fire until they thought they heard their commander tell them to fire. Soldiers were arrested and charged with murder. John Adams had the charges dropped. Two soldiers got charged and punishment was branding on the thumb.

Front 18

1770 Repeal on Townshend Taxes

Back 18

except on tea.
Left the tax on tea.

Front 19

1772 Gaspee Affair

Back 19

British Revenue Schooner -- used to enforce the Navigation Acts. The Gaspee was assigned to the waters of R.I. They focused on stopping smuggling. The presence of the ship angered the Rhode Islanders.

Front 20

1773 Intercolonial Committees of Correspondance

Back 20

creating a postal system -- VA.

Front 21

1773 Tea Act

Back 21

Parliamentary Statute designed to help economically the East India Company. (joint stock company) - concerned mainly with the British East Indies. Tea would come from the East Indies and be sold in England or elsewhere. EI Company was having economic troubles. Cut tea tax by half. -- monopoly

Front 22

1773 Boston Tea Party

Back 22

tea had arrived in Boston from the EI Company. It was all dumped into the harbor. British felt that this was an attack on the government.

Front 23

1774 Intolerable or Coercive Acts

Back 23

1. Boston Port Act
2. Mass. Government Act
3. Quartering Act
4. Administration of Justice Act

Front 24

Boston Port Act

Back 24

closed the port of Boston to shipping or commerce until the Bostonians paid for the tea they had destroyed.

Front 25

Mass. Government Act

Back 25

Parliament altered the 1691 W&M charter. Gave more power to the governor, Thomas Gage. Took responsibility from local government.

Front 26

Quartering Act

Back 26

soldiers had to be housed in public places such as inns and taverns

Front 27

Administration of Justice Act

Back 27

any British officer, military officier or civil official accused of crime in America could be sent to England for their trial.

Front 28

1774 Quebec Act

Back 28

helped bring the colonies together.
1. Province of Quebec
2. Governor, no legislature
3. No provision for trial by jury
4. The Catholic church was made the preferred or established church in Quebec.

Front 29

1774 1st Continental Congress (12 colonies, minus GA.)

Back 29

1. Met in Philidelphia
2. Continental Association -- non imports; non-exports (after certain dates)
3. Meet again -- May 1775

Front 30

Proclamation of 1763

Back 30

George III, Indians, established an imaginary line called the Proclamation line from Mass/Maine all the way to GA, runs along watershed of APP Mts., better control of whites, better control of colonials, Protect Quebec

Front 31

1764 Currency Act

Back 31

second currency act related to the rest of the colonies and in effect prohibited the colonies from issuing paper money which was just devastating to the colonies

Front 32

1764 Revenue (Sugar) Act

Back 32

imposed tarrifs on colonial imports, British needed money because of national debt and wanted to reduce debt

Front 33

Stamp Act Congress

Back 33

9 colonies sent representatives to NY, John Dickinson wrote document called Declaration of Rights and Grievances, penman of the Revolution

Front 34

1775 Lexington and Concord, Mass.
APRIL 19 -- fighting began

Back 34

British troops left under the cover of darkness to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams. "midnight ride of Paul Revere" -- riding to warn the people between Boston and Concord of the coming of the British. Militia were there blocking the British

Front 35

1775 2nd Cont. Congress

Back 35

Army -- G. Washington (became the leader)
Money -- continental dollars --money was needed; money was printed
Authorized invasion of Canada

Front 36

Battle of Bunker Hill

Back 36

British commanded Boston. Many hills where the colonials lodged themselves. British were to charge the hill and the British soldiers tried twice and failed and suffered casualties. Third time they succeeded when colonials ran out of powder.

Front 37

Common Sense

Back 37

written by Thomas Paine; heartfelt arguments for declaring independence

Front 38

Halifax Resolves

Back 38

4th continental congress. North Carolina's delegates in the continental congress work with other delegates in the continental congress to declare independence from England. * First colony to make a declaration of independence colony-wide

Front 39

Continental Congress
R.M. Lee, June 7, Resolutions

Back 39

1. Declare independence -- Thomas Jefferson DOCUMENT
2. Seek foreign aid -- Benjamin Franklin
3. Write A Constitution -- Dickinson

Front 40

Battle of Saratoga 1777

Back 40

British were trying to detach New England from the rest of the US. Lead by General Horatio Gates. The American Army won.

Front 41

Reciprocal Military Treaty

Back 41

each nation agrees to assist the other in time of need

Front 42

Course of the war

Back 42

North -- British army and navy
(Benedict Arnold)
South -- British decided to turn their troops to the south in '78
Savannah -- British took control of this city
GA -- british regainedcontrol of the whole state
Charleston -- British captured this city on their second try

Front 43

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Back 43

1. Independence
2. Boundaries
3. U.S. fishing rights
3. GB to pay for slaves
4. GB to evacuate NW forts
5. US to pay debts

Front 44

Results of the Revolution

Back 44

Political
Economic
Social

Front 45

POLITICAL

Back 45

A. National Government
B. State Government
a. written constitution
b. Separation according to function -- Executive, Judicial, Legislative
c. Primacy of the legislature
d. Bill of Rights
C. Democratization

Front 46

ECONOMIC

Back 46

1. Manufacturing
a. Then GB "dumping" -- British hoped to oversell Americans, eliminate the competition and take over
b. Opportunities in the West
c. Overall -- disruptive to the economy (but worth it)

Front 47

The Confederation Era

Back 47

the first formal United States of America appeared based on a constitution

Front 48

Articles of Confederation - Defects

Back 48

1. Could not tax
2. Could not regulate commerce
3. Unsatisfactory judiciary
4. Difficult to amend - union of all states

Front 49

Foreign Affairs of GB

Back 49

Failed to observe the Treaty of Paris

Front 50

Spain

Back 50

1. Disputed Florida Boundary
2. Spanish Indians in Eastern Florida would raid Georgia settlements
3. Spanish closed the Mississippi River to American boating traffic

Front 51

Barbary Pirates -- Barbary Coast

Back 51

Northwestern coast of Africa -- interferred with commerce until the Napoleanic wars

Front 52

Shays rebellion -- civil unrest

Back 52

large number of farmers whose properties were being foreclosed took up arms and forcefully closed the courts in Mass. -- lead by captain daniel shays

Front 53

Critical Period School

Back 53

name from a book written by John Fiske. "The Critical Period of American History" The situation was desperate in the United States. The weak national government was unable to cope with all the problems difficulties and crisis that they would endeavor

Front 54

Revisionist School

Back 54

these historians tried to revise the era of the critical period school. MERRIL JENSEN. "The New Nation" -- the lack of power to tax. National bureacracy was being put in place, land policy was in effect, and a majority of the people in the US preferred a weak central government.