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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incas (Peru), Mayans (Central America), and Aztecs(Mexico)
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Great kingdoms, highly civilized
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Squanto
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An Indian chief who learned English from a ship’s captain. He signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate their first Thanksgiving.
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Iroquois Confederation
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a group of Native Americans that originally consisted of five nations then a sixth nation was added. The Iroquois in the northeastern woodlands created perhaps the closest North American approximation to the great nation-states of Mexico and Peru. The Iroquois Confederation developed the political and military alliance that menaced its neighbors for more than century.
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Scots-Irish
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numbered 175,000 or 7 % in 1775. Spoke English and were actually Scottish rather than Irish. They had migrated to Ireland where they were resented; so they came to America and settled chiefly in Pennsylvania on the frontier. They defiantly squatted on the unoccupied lands and quarreled with both Indian and white owners. They moved southward into the backcountry of Maryland, Virginia, and the western Carolinas. They were superb frontiersmen but violent against the Indians. They were pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic. They distilled whiskey and had no love of the British government. Andrew Jackson was one of them
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Christopher Columbus
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sponsored by the Spanish monarchs, sailed to the west and landed in the West Indies islands while looked for a path to India. He named the people that he found Indians
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English Navigation Laws
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These laws sought to stitch England’s overseas possessions more tightly to the motherland by throttling American trade with countries not ruled by the English crown. Americans chafed at such confinements.
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Conquistadores
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Soldiers who came the New World in the service of God as well as in search of gold and glory.
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Hernan Cortes
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Conquered Mexico. Sailed from Cuba in 1519 bound for Mexico. Landed on the Yucatan peninsula and headed to the Aztec empire in search of gold. Cortez laid siege to the city in 1521.
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Montezuma
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King of the Aztec Empire
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Dutch West India Company
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a company of Dutch merchants who were granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade. The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants. The company became instrumental in the Dutch colonization of the Americas.
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Jonathan Edwards
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was a colonial American Congregational preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. Edwards "is widely acknowledged to be America's most important and original philosophical theologian"[1]. He is known as one of the greatest and most profound of American theologians and revivalists. His work is very broad in scope, but he is often associated with his defense of Calvinist theology, the metaphysics of theological determinism, and the Puritan heritage. “Sinners in the hand of an angry God”.
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George Whitfield
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was a preacher in the Church of England and one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. Evangelistic preaching style.
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Powhatans
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Native American tribe in Virginia named after its chief Powhatan. The English settlers mistakenly dubbed all of the local Indians as Powhatans. At first chief Powhatan considered the English as potential allies in his struggle to further his power over his Indian rivals.
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Indentured servitude
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White slaves who were brought to America by land owners who paid there fare to come to America in exchange for 7 years (or a set period of time) of work.
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Jamestown
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Virginia Company given charter by King James I to found a colony for profit. Three ships landed near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay in 1606. Captain John Smith, Pocahontas.
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Joint-stock Company
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A joint stock company (JSC) is a type of business partnership. Certificates of ownership or stocks are issued by the company in return for each contribution, and the shareholders are free to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their stockholding to others.
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Virginia Company
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The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.
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Bacon’s Rebellion
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Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising of Freeman (former Indentured Servants) in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. 1000 freemen rebelled against Gov. William Berkeley who was too friendly to the Indians. When he refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements, Bacon took matters into their own hands. They attacked the Indians, chased Berkeley from Jamestown, and the burned it. Bacon died suddenly of a disease, and Berkeley took advantage of the loss to crush the uprising. He hung 20 rebels. Bacon’s Rebellion excited passion and fear in Virginia.
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Captain John Smith
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saved the Jamestown colony from collapse by his resourceful leadership. When the Indians kidnapped Smith, Pocahontas, the daughter of the chief won his freedom.
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Middle Passage
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Captured in West Africa by African tribes and traded to European traders. Branded and chained and crowded into ships for the “Middle Passage.” 20% died in passage—crowded and unsanitary conditions. Arrived in Newport, N.J. or Charleston, S.C. and put on the auction block.
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Half-way Covenant
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was a form of partial church membership created by New England Puritans in 1662. The church covenant was changed to admit the unconverted children of existing members to baptism but not “full communion.” This was done to increase the number who could vote, but weakened the distinction between the “elect” and others.
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Lord Baltimore
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founded the Maryland colony in 1634 to reap financial profits and to provide a refuge for his fellow Catholics.
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Act of Toleration
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Lord Baltimore decreed freedom of worship in 1649 by toleration to all Christians but declared death to Jews and atheists.
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Slave Codes
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defined the slaves’ legal status and masters’ prerogatives. Denied fundamental rights to slaves. Gave masters virtually complete control
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Church of England
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Had a similar chain of command to the Catholic Church. Puritans came with charter and wanted to change the church from within. Separatists left England to separate themselves from the Church and its impurities.
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The “Buffer “Colony
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Georgia established in 1733. Intended to protect the Carolinas from the French and Spanish in Florida. Welcomed all Christians except Catholics. Provided a haven for poor men from debtors prison.
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James Oglethorpe
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founded Georgia colony. Dynamic soldier and sympathetic to debtors. He mortgaged his own personal fortune.
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Arminanism
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is a school of soteriological thought in Protestant Christian theology based on the ideas of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius. Due to the influence of John Wesley, Arminianism is perhaps most prominent in the Methodist movement. Arminianism holds to the following tenets: Humans are naturally unable to make any effort towards salvation. Salvation is possible by grace alone. Works of human effort cannot cause or contribute to salvation. God's election is conditional on faith in Jesus. Jesus' atonement was for all people. God allows his grace to be resisted by those unwilling to believe. Salvation can be lost, as continued salvation is conditional upon continued faith
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Puritans
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Puritans came to America with charter from the king. They believed they could change the church from within.
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Separatists
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Separatists did not have charter and were squatters. They wanted to separate themselves from the church and create their own.
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