Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what does the analysis of DNA tell us about the origins of man?
|
it tells us that man was first only in africa (bushmen) and quickly after evolving into modern humans, migrated around the world
|
|
|
what is special about the san bushmen's language
|
they use clicks and other sounds that no other language has
|
|
|
what technology and skills helped the san be successful hunters
|
their spears and arrows they crafted with very sharp tips were made of bone
|
|
|
how did hunting effect early human's language skills? or vice versa?
|
explaining techniques needed some sort of communication. language allowed many different ideas and forms of hunting to evolve
|
|
|
archaeologist
|
studier of historic or prehistoric people and their culture by the analysis of artifacts, inscriptions and monuments
|
|
|
paleontologist
|
studier of the science of forms of life exiting in former geologic periods as represented by their fossils
|
|
|
anthropologist
|
studier of human behavior and the development of human societies and culture
|
|
|
why couldn't humans have originated from australia?
|
because humans are the only primates on the entire continent
|
|
|
how does india explain human's quick appearance in australia after leaving africa?
|
because there is a genetic mark that can link the migration from africa to australia
|
|
|
what physiological adaptations did africans have to make when they first went into europe?
|
they shrunk in size and their skin became lighter along with hair color and nose shape
|
|
|
lucy
|
most complete and best preserved skeleton of any early human ancestor found in Etheopia (adadis ababa) in 1974 by donald johnson.
hononid 3.5 feet 51 lbs. afarensis- could live in trees |
|
|
etheopia
|
capitol- adadis ababa
where lucy was found |
|
|
donald johnson
|
found lucy
|
|
|
1974
|
year lucy was found
|
|
|
DNA
|
main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms
ACGT |
|
|
hominids
|
primate of the family hominidae of which homo sapiens is the only extant species. humans are the only hominids left
|
|
|
australopithecus
|
meaning southern 8. an extinct genus of small-brained large toothed bipedal hominids that lived in african between one and four million years ago. discovered by dr. raymond dart, south african anthropologist
|
|
|
dr. raymond dart
|
discovered australopithecus. south african anthropologist
|
|
|
homo erectus
|
an extinct species of human lineage, having upright stature and a well evolved postrcranial skeleton, but with a smallish brain, low forehead and protruding face.
oldest remains are found in neander valley in africa * habilis, erectus, sapiens* |
|
|
homo habilis
|
an extinct species of upright east african hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics, dated as being from about 1.5 million to more than 2 million years old and proposed as an early form of homo leading to modern humans
"handy man" |
|
|
homo sapiens
|
the species of bipedal primates to which modern humans belong, characterized by a brain and by dependence upon language and the creation and utilization of complex tools. appeared 250 thousand years ago.
|
|
|
mary leakey
|
british archaeologist found 3.7 million old footprints of 3 people and animals. proves humans were walking upright then. found in laetoli, tanzania
|
|
|
louis leakey
|
kenyan archaeologist and anthropologist
|
|
|
richard leakey
|
kenyan anthropologist and animal rights activist. found bones of young boy (turkana boy) next to lake turkana in kenya
|
|
|
charles darwin
|
1808-1882
proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from one or a few common ancestors through the process of natural selection. |
|
|
great leap forward
|
60-50 kya. develope language, complex tools, make art on walls and themselves. bone tools, jewelry, rope, weapons, spears, spear throwers, bow and arrow, harpoon, hunting big game (make big holes) nets, hooks, fish, birds, jewelry was put on dead--> believed in spirits or ancestors, know they are going to die
|
|
|
5 billion years ago
|
earth was created and 30 million years later, monkey-like beings started to populate
|
|
|
forty thousand years ago
|
modern humans appeared
|
|
|
Neanderthal people
|
first to reflect on the nature of human existence and the world around them by performing burials and rutuals
|
|
|
cro-magnon peoples
|
physically indistinguishable from modern humans but died out. highly intelligent and worshiped Venus figurines (goddess of love) to increase fertility.
|
|
|
FOXP2
|
a gene found in Neanderthal remains from northern spain. there was a mutation found in the gene which caused dyspraxia (speech disorder)
|
|
|
oligocene period
|
36-40 mya
dominated by dinosaurs climate was hot and wet covered by forests |
|
|
25mya
|
apes appear (end of oligocene period)
arboreal lifestyle |
|
|
15mya
|
polar ice caps form
climate becomes drier and jungles turn into savanahs and deserts |
|
|
Apes disadvantage during food shortage
|
they are bigger and have a larger calorie intake, less agile.
|
|
|
niche
|
an environmental habitat of an animal species and its pattern of exploiting that habitat
|
|
|
call and response pattern
|
example: there is a shortage of food and apes have no way of getting enough. they can either stay in trees and die, or adapt to the change and respond by coming down from trees and finding other sources of food
response can be physical or behavioral |
|
|
stephen j gould
|
puntuated equilibrium (when adaptive changes happen they happen very quickly and abruptly with very few transition forms)
|
|
|
challenges of ground dwelling
|
thermoregulation
-upright stance (loss of body heat) -melanin production (protein that obsorbs UV rays) -no fur -sweating (cooling system) *all good ways to survive africa's climate* |
|
|
200 tya
|
homo sapiens appear and h. erectus disappear
|
|
|
100 tya
|
homo sapien sapien appear
|
|
|
60-50 tya
|
small groups begin to migrate out of african via suez and strait of gibraltar
|
|
|
40,000 bc
|
humans arrive in australia
|
|
|
20,000 bc
|
humans arrive in NE russia
|
|
|
12,000 bc
|
humans arrive in north america
|
|
|
10,000 bc
|
humans arrive in southern tip of south america
|
|
|
issues faced by african emigrants in europe
|
-high levels of melanin is a liability in cold environments because there is no direct sun light. not receiving enough vitamin d which leads to rickets (deformation of bones and for women deformation of birth canal which makes giving birth dangerous)
|
|
|
response to issues faced by african emigrants in europe
|
they much have tyr + or - gene--> albino gene
|
|
|
piltdown man
|
scull found in southern england thought to be oldest fossil but it was a fake (chimp jaw attached to human skull)
|
|
|
1885
|
charles darwin published controversial book, the origin of species: by means of natural selection
|
|
|
the origin of species: by means of natural selection
|
controversial book published by charles darwin in 1885. theory:
not all members of a species are exactly the same. some have variations in their gene type. variations give the bearer a better chance of surviving and reproducing members of the species not fit for adaptation are weeded out over a period of time "survival of the fittest" |
|
|
rebecca cahn
|
UCLA scientist who did a warldwide study of human M+DNA in 1986. found that all humans were related to a woman who lived in africa 200,000 million years ago
|
|
|
Tuang boy
|
remains of boy found in 1925 by raymond dart. (autralopithecus africanus) thought to be link between apes and humans
|
|
|
killer ape theory
|
created by raymond dart:
walking upright frees the hands to use tools tool production requires intelligence bigger brains produce better tools |
|
|
francisco pizarro
|
conquistador that conquered incan empire
followed what cortez had done to conquer azteks thanks to a book he has written |
|
|
advantaged of the europeans against the incans
|
horses (helped militarily and for transportation)
latitude immunity to small pox and other diseases best weapons (guns and steel swords-rapier) ideas from cortez |
|
|
Atahuallpa
|
incan king. known as living god
|
|
|
cuniform
|
first form of writing (mesopotamia)
|
|
|
latitude
|
same climates and easy to spread ideas and crops and animals (eurasia)
|
|
|
longitude
|
different climates and day lengths (americas)
|
|
|
small pox
|
came from slave on ship traveling from spain to mexico, then reached incan empire
|
|
|
spencer wells
|
journey of man video, geneticist, most annoying man on earth
|
|
|
a space odyssey: 2001
|
stanley kubrick
|
