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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the seven catagories that aritfacts can be classified as?
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environmental, economic, social, political, religious, cultural, intellectual
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what were some economic changes at the beginning of village and town life?
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agriculture, advanced technology- plow, loom, wheel,- metal working, calnders, irrigation, animal domesticaiton
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what were some social changes in the beginning of town and village life?
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protection, religion, dependant on weather, leaders, job diversity, competition
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what were some of the social changes during the rise of civilaizations?
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specialized labor, complex government, more control, social classes, imporved skills, soldiers, priests, myths, written language, cultural diffusion
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what were some of the social changes during the rise of civilaizations?
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specialized labor, complex government, more control, social classes, imporved skills, soldiers, priests, myths, written language, cultural diffusion
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what were some of the social changes during the rise of civilaizations?
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specialized labor, complex government, more control, social classes, imporved skills, soldiers, priests, myths, written language, cultural diffusion
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what were some of the social changes during the rise of civilaizations?
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specialized labor, complex government, more control, social classes, imporved skills, soldiers, priests, myths, written language, cultural diffusion
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what were some of the social changes during the rise of civilaizations?
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specialized labor, complex government, more control, social classes, imporved skills, soldiers, priests, myths, written language, cultural diffusion
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What were some of the econmic changes during the rise of civilizations?
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small canals and reservoirs, Bronze, record keeping, long distance trade, surplus food, dams, jewelry
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What was Ur?
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an ancient civilization in ancient mesopetamia
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what is cunieform?
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a sumerian anciet writing that used wedge shape imprints for letters and words
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what is a ziggurat?
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an ancient temple in the center of all cities that looks like a flat topped pyramid
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What was Pont' de Chauvet, who discovered it and why was it important?
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it was a cave found by JEan-MArie Chauvet. it had prehisotric cave paintings in it that wer unusual because they were of other dangerous animals rather than thetypical ones that wer traditionally found in cavepaintings
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what was the first picture the explores found in chavet Pont D'?
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it was a mamoth that was painted in red ochre and it was found on a rocky spur hanging from the ceiling
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what was the first step that the explpores of CPD took to try and protect it?
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they covered their footpirnts with plastic and designated a specific path to walk on
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How did they determine the cave paintings in CPD were authentic?
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parts of the lines wer eroded meaning that they had been ther a long time and also there was many cave bear bones and other animal bones covered with calcite.
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What are some of the things the french government is doing to try and protect CPD?
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they have put on a solid door, ther are only letting authorized people in, when people go in they have to wear special suits and shoes, and they are regulating the temperature in the cave to minimize the damage done
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what is ichnology?
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branch of paleontology that studies the tracks and traces left behind in caves by human or other animals
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why do they limit the amount of peopl that go into CPD?
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people could accidentaly mees something up and the carbon dioxide from their breath distures the evironment that the cave has had for so long
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how did prehistoric people create the painting on the wall near the entrance of the brunel chamber in CPD?
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the people used their palms of their right hand to make this picture beacue of the way that the paint is on the wall
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How was CPD formed?
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it used ot be high sea nad then te sea wen tdown and the river eroded away at the solid croal and shels that wer left behind thus making the cave
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what is the Aurigriacian period?
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the part of the paleolithic era associated with homo sapiens
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what materials did the aurignacian people use to make spears?
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they used antler, bone and ivory- came from mamoth tusks to make the points
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what is calcite?
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crystals that form in caves by the evaportaion of water charged with carbohydrates
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what was different about the cave paintins in CPD?
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they were of more dangerous creatures such as bears, lions, and rhinos instead of the animals that were usually hunted
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what were the 5 early people and in what order did they arise?
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australopithecines
homo habilis homo erectus neanderthols Cro- Magnons |
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what were the traits of australopithecines?
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3.5-4 ft tall, bipedal, small brain, flat nose, large teeth- apelike
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what were the achievements of the australopithecines?
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lived in forests, ate fruits and nuts, aposable thumbs, walked upright
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what were the traits of homo habilis?
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taller than before, large/ powerful teeth, long arms, medium brain
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what were the achievements of the homo habilis?
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lived in trees, limited speech, nomadic, scavenged food, crude tools
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what were the traits of homo erectus?
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20 year life expectancy, bepedal, large teeth
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what were the achievments of hom erectus?
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hunted and scavenged, migrated, caves, better language, better tools, clothing, and FIRE
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what were the achievments of hom erectus?
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hunted and scavenged, migrated, caves, better language, better tools, clothing, and FIRE
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what were the traits of neanderthals?
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5.5 ft tall, thick bones, muscular, large teeth, stocky, biggest brains
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what were the achievements of the neanderthals?
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drainage ditches, burials, care for weaker members, free standing shelters, agriculture
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what were the traits of Cro- magnons?
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taller than before, less stalky and muscular, no flat nose, 30 yr life expectnacy, closest to modern day humans
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what were the achievements of the cro-magnons?
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knife and chisel, spears, fishing, axe, canoes, pottery, religion, better hunters, cooperation, artistry
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when was the paleolithic age and what are some achievement that happened during that time?
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2 million years ago - 12,000 BC. first tool making-rock and magma, food gatherers, nomads, language, clothing, FIRE
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when was the neolithic period and what wer the achivemetn during that time?
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8,000 - 5,000 BC. Hunters, wheel, advanced toolmaking, agriculture, religion, villages, domesticated animals jewelry
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what are hominds?
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the group of beings that are human beings and the humanlike creatures before them
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who was lucy?
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the most nearly complete skeleton of a prehuman at the time it was discovered- 40%
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who found lucy?
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dr. donald C. johanson
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What are the 3 types of early humans?
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homo habilis- person with ability
homo erectus- person who walks upright homo sapiens- person who thinks |
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what is anthroplogy
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the scientific study of hominids
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archeologist
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people who unearth and study artifacts
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artifact
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anything shaped or formed by human hands
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what was the ice age
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4 ling periods of cold climate, 2 million to 10,000 BC, below frezing temp., massive galciers, low ocean levels,
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australopithacines
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southern ape- early hominids- before homo- people
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how did hunter/ gatherers use technology
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the used fire, tools, weapons,
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what type of art did neolithic people make
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cave paintings, religious sculptures
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what led to the neolitihic revolution
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invention of axe and canoe. animals left area due to climate change, people had to find new source of food, population growing, climatic conditions appripriate for agriculture
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how did agriculture develop and spread
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accident and experiment- developed independantly in different places
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what wer ethe cultural achievemetns of the neolithic era?
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metal smelting- bronze, animal domestication, pottery, calenders, bricks for shelter, loom, textiles, worship of deities
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creation myths
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were develpoed to explain where people came from, talk about morality good vs evil, good triumphs over evil
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sumarian creation myth
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2 major gods- younger gods- kill older mother god- make earth from body
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age of earth
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4 billion years
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age of humans
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2.5 million years ago generalization
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age of humans
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2.5 million years ago generalization
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prehistory
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the era beofre written language was developed
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5500 BC
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written language
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BC
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Before christ
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AD
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Annon Domini (in the year of our lord)- latin
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BCE
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before common era= BC
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CE
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common era = AD
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fossil
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evidence of organic life preserved in rock
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paleontologists
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scientist that studies fossils
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Mary and Louis Leaky
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found a footprint of early hominid- found much eveidence of early hominids
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farming development
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women credited for the development
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name neanderthol
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named after neander valley germany
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revolution
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things are never the same afterwards; long lasting change
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farming middle east
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8000 BC- wheat and barley
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China farming
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5000BC rice
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the ameirca's farming
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3,500 BC corn and beans
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diet change
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before -80% meat 20% plant
after- 2%0 meat 80 % plant |
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trade development
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surplus food- scarcity of other things- transportation advancements- trade
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communities
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200 people to a village, near water
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religion
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shirnes to god and and godesses or agriculture
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bronze
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copper and tin- very valuable and scarce
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disadvantages to farming and village life
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nomads steal stuffnatural disaters
disease |
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irrigation
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water crops and get more grown- dams and reservoirs
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charachteristics of a civilization
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written language, social classes, trade center, specialized work, complex institutions, economy, government, organized religion, record keeping, advanced technology,
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water travel and transportation
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sail and rudder, wheel- long distance travel
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lucy discovered
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hadar, ethiopia
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tyoe of dating for artifacts
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radiocarbon dating
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survival during the ice age
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migration, clothing, shelter, FIRE, death
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3 stone ages
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paleolithic- new stone
mesolithic- middle stone neolithic - old stone |
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innovations of homo erectus
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beeter tools, fire, language, migration
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major technological advances of homo erectus
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housing- drainage ditches, free standign shelters
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Catal Huyuk, Turkey
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largest neolithic village
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innovations of neolithic farmers
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plow, wheel, irrigation systems,domestication of animals, sickle, calander, measuring systems
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agricultural effect on economy
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more food, greater pop, protection,trade, villiages/cities, increased job specialization, cultural diffusion
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rivers wher early civilizations arose
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nile river, huang he, tigris & euphrates, indus
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how bronze was used
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tools, jewelry- valuable
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advantage to cultrural diffusion
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learn from other culturs, see what they do
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why government and soldiers
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keep people under control and prtoect cities
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city layout
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zigguarts in center, nthen higher calss around that such as priests and soldiers, then on the outer bands the lower class such as the farmers
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myths
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used to explain the unexplained and how the peopl thought the earth was created and why they wer created
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