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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the necessary ingredients that the U.S. was ready for industrialization?
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1. Natural resources
2. Problem-solving 3. Banks with capital |
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What did the U.S. do to stimulate the growth of industry?
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1. Protective Tariff
2. Pacific Railroad Act 3. Homestead Act of 1862 4. Land Grant Act 5. Laissez Faire |
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Gave railroads 10 square miles of land for each track laid
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Pacific Railroad Act
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Gave land to anyone who would live on it for at least 5 years
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Homestead Act of 1862
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Game money to colleges
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Land Grant Act
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What defined big business in the 19th century?
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railroads
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Dominated railroad building in the southwest
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Jay Gould
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Found a way to purify iron ore making steel much cheaper. This made it cheaper to buy track to railroads
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Henrey Bessemer
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Controlled railroads in the state of New York and New England
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Cornelius Venderbilt
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Dominated the oil industry
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John D. Rockefeller
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how did the companies in the late 19th century integrate?
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both vertically and horizontally
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a company that buys companies that supply it with raw materials
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vertical integration
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when a company buys a company that performs similar services or sells similar products
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horizontal integration
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By 1900, certain characteristics of industry had emerged
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1. oligopolistic
2. product differentiation to sell their products 3. stock market to raise capital |
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several companies dominating an industry
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oligopolistic
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what did research and development of products lead to?
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advertising
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what was the driving force behind industrialization?
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advancements in technology
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Who stood out in technology?
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thomas edenson
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Why did the workers form unions?
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the government didn't give any sympathy to labor
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Who was the first to cross racial and gender lines?
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The Knights of Labor
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Who was not allowed to be part of the union?
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Chinese
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What was labor later helped by?
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writers
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Who wrote "the jungle" explaining the problems in the meat packing industry?
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Upton Sinclair
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During the late 19th century, wealth began to be concentrated in the hands of a few. Some called for ________ and other advocated _________
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government regulation
social darwinism or survival of the fittest |
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Some pushed for the south to industrialize. The "new south" was promoted by _______.
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Henry Grady who believed it would bring better paying jobs.
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Who was not allowed to be part of the union?
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Chinese
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What was labor later helped by?
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writers
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Who wrote "the jungle" explaining the problems in the meat packing industry?
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Upton Sinclair
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During the late 19th century, wealth began to be concentrated in the hands of a few. Some called for ________ and other advocated _________
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government regulation
social darwinism or survival of the fittest |
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Some pushed for the south to industrialize. The "new south" was promoted by _______.
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Henry Grady who believed it would bring better paying jobs.
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Before, during, and after the civil war, people moved ______.
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westward
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who were the mormons led by?
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Joseph Smith
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Where were the mormons moving to when Joseph Smith was killed?
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Utah
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Who were the mormons led by the last half of their journey?
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Brigham Young
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where did mormons kill 120 settlers moving westward?
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Mountain Meadow
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What was a difficult place for settlers to cross?
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The Great Plains
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Who did the U.S, government send to the plains and put in charge of all the army?
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William Sherman
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Who did William Sherman take with him to the plains?
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Phil Sheridan
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The U.S. army began a policy of creating trails to the gold fields. What trail did this include?
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The Bozeman trail
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Where did kernel Chivington of the U.S. army kill a Cheyenne camp?
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Sand Creek in Colorado
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Who believed he could subdue the whole Sioux nation with 80 men?
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William Fetterman
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What started when the northern Pacific Railroad began laying track in the Powder River Region?
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The Great Sioux War
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Who attacked Black Kettle and his Cheyenne camp at the Washita River where over 100 women and children were killed?
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George Custer
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In 1876, where were George Custer and all of the men with him killed?
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The Battle of the Little Big Horn River
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What religion did the Sioux begin to practice and what did it promise?
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Ghost dancing- promised to get rid of the white man and bring back the buffalo
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What was the last major battle/fight between the U.S, army and Native Americans
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The battle at Wounded Irene Creek
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What gave Native Americans 160 acres of land?
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The Dawes Severalty Act
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A bitterly cold winter hazed thousands of cows. What did ranches turn too?
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barbed wire
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Who invented barbed wire?
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Joseph Gliddon
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What was difficult after the invention of barbed wire?
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Farmers/ sod busters needed irrigation to water their crops and the barbed wire made it difficult
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What was necessary for the west to develop?
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1. water
2. network of railroads |
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What did people flood into California for?
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search for Gold
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Who took over the mining industry?
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large corporations using high tech equipment
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What was the largest vein of Gold/silver in the world
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Mount Davidson
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What was Mount Davidson named for?
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Henrey Comstock
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What was formed to stop the damning of rivers and streams to the west?
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Sierra Club
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Most railroad workers that came to the U.S. were Chinese. What was passed because of this?
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The Chinese Exclusion Act
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This created irrigation facilities for small family farms in order to get americans to move and settle in the southwestern part of the U.S.
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Reclamation Act
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Where did the average worker live?
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near the factories in poorly constructed homes.
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who wrote the terrible living conditions Almshouses?
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Henry George
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who wrote "looking backward" about Utopian society in which everyone shared equally without revolution or violence?
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Edward Bellany
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Cities were controlled by political machines which were controlled by city bosses. Why did they stay in power?
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Because there was no Australian or secret ballot
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Who controlled New York City politics but was arrested, put on trial, and convicted of corruption?
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William "Boss" Tweed
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Who opened Hull House in Chicago teaching young women about childcare and personal hygiene
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Jane Addams
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Before 1900, most immigrants were from ______________. After 1900, most were from __________.
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Northern and Western Europe
Southern and Eastern Europe and the Middle East |
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What did immigrants resist? They preferred to live in neighborhoods with people to whom they could relate
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rapid assimilation
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Who were singled out for persecution and discrimination?
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Catholics and Jews
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What portrayed the confederacy as a noble heroic effort?
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The Lost Cause
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What did many southern states adopt to promote segregation?
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2nd Mississippi plan
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Southern states advised ways to take away African Americans right to vote
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1. literacy test determined if they could understand what they read
2. poll tax-tax they paid before they voted 3. grandfather clause said that you could vote only if your grandfather had voted |
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Who told African Americans to accept segregation?
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Booker T Washington in his speech called "The Atlanta Compromise"
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What said that the government must treat everyone equally but business and individuals did not?
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The Civil Rights Act of 1875
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Supreme court said that separate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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How did people begin to appreciate education?
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1. kindergartens were added to public schools
2. free text books were offered 3. students were required to spend a minimum number of days per year |
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The first university exclusively for women
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Vassar
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At the turn of the century, many writers and artists began to reject the _______ of the past and turn toward ________.
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romantic idealism
realism |
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Who is an example of an idealist romantic turned realist?
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William Dean
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