Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The "Aeneid"
|
-written by Virgil
-describes the adventures of the Trojan Prince Aeneas and how he came to Italy |
|
|
Augustus
|
-Rome’s first emperor
-ruled from 27 B.C. to A.D. 14 -paved the way for 200 years of peace and prosperity in Rome |
|
|
Byzantine Empire
|
-included Greeks, Egyptians, Syrians, Arabs, Jews, and others
-concrete was a major industry -became less Roman and more Greek as time passed -emperor controlled the Church -Byzantine writers copied ancient writings |
|
|
Christianity
|
became official religion of Rome
|
|
|
Christians
|
were persecuted for believing in God
|
|
|
Concrete
|
invented by Romans and is still used today
|
|
|
Constantinople
|
-city built on the site of Byzantium
-location made city wealthy and prosperous because it was near the Black and Aegean Seas, had safe harbors, was between the trade route between Europe and Asia(trade mad it wealthy), was on a peninsula, and was protected on the other sides by a large wall |
|
|
Epic Poetry
|
poem with greater than normal character
|
|
|
Fall of Rome
|
-people were fighting for power
-the empire is split up into two -Rome gets invaded |
|
|
Germanic Culture
|
-violent
-wanted to learn from Rome's culture |
|
|
Germanic Tribes
|
Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Angles, and Saxons
|
|
|
Greeks
|
- influenced the Romans greatly
-Romans borrowed thier Art and Architecture from the Greeks |
|
|
Hagia Sophia
|
-the religious center of the Byzantine empire
-built by Justinian -"Holy Wisdom" -completed in A.D. 537 |
|
|
Livy
|
-famous historian
-said that the first thing the Romans must do to declare war is to make a public announcement -greatly admired Rome |
|
|
Odoacer
|
- Germanic general took control overthrowing the western emperor
|
|
|
Roman Architecture
|
-used Greek-style porches and rows of columns
-arches=supported bridges, aqueducts, and buildings -domes= rows of arches were often built against one another to form a curved ceiling |
|
|
Roman Art
|
-carved statues that looked different from the Greek’s
-Roman statues look more realistic |
|
|
Roman Builders
|
built domes, columns, arches, and were the first people to invent concrete
|
|
|
Roman Emperors
|
mean, cruel, corupt, greedy, selfish = BAD
|
|
|
Roman Historians
|
recorded the events of their civilization
|
|
|
Roman Writers
|
-based much of their writing on Greek works, like satires and odes
-wrote poems -performed plays |
|
|
Romans
|
Ancient civilization
|
|
|
Virgil
|
Roman writer whom drew some of his ideas from Homer’s Odyssey
|
|
|
Western Roman Empire
|
-ended after Romulus Augustus died
-fell in A.D. 476 to a Germanic general named Odacer |
|
|
Abbasid Dynasty
|
-After Umayyads
-devoted their energies to trade, scholarship, and the arts -defeated the Persian empire |
|
|
Algebra
|
math invented by the Islams
|
|
|
Arabia
|
Desert peninsula of south western Asia across the Red Sea from Africa
|
|
|
Arabian Peninsula
|
Desert peninsula of southwestern Asia
|
|
|
Arabs
|
-Arabic people
-good on horseback and good with the sword -were successful in building their empire because they were friendly toward other religions and cultures |
|
|
Desert
|
a land scape or region taht recieves little precipitation
|
|
|
Ibn Khaldun
|
-Muslim historian wrote (in 1375): all civilizations rise, grow, then fall
-first Muslim scholar to study the effects of climate and geography on people |
|
|
India
|
-South Asian country south of China and Nepal
-Where the monguls created an empire |
|
|
Indus River
|
river in Asia taht begins in Tibet adn flows through Pakistans to the Arabian Sea
|
|
|
Islam
|
surrendering to the will of Allah
|
|
|
Islamic Expansion
|
-spread beliefs
-Muslims' job was to spread their faith |
|
|
Makkah
|
-Holy city of Islam
-the largest and richest town in Arabia -became large and wealthy because it was a crossroads for trade and an important religious site |
|
|
Moguls
|
created another Muslim empire in India
|
|
|
Muhammad
|
-taught Islam
-well respected -was given control of Makkah because he built a strong army -preached to surrender to the will of God |
|
|
Muslim Empire
|
-created by Arabs
-let their conquered practice thier own religion if they paid |
|
|
Muslim Historians
|
-Ibn Khaldun most famous
-wrote Muslim history |
|
|
Muslim Mathematicians
|
-invented algebra
-borrowed 0-9 |
|
|
Omar Khayyam
|
-mathematician, astronomer, and poet
-wrote the parts of the "Rubaiyat" |
|
|
Rightly Guided Caliphs
|
-called that because they followed in Mummad's footsteps and were closely tied to him
-lived simply -treated others fairly -fought hard for Islam -obeyed Islam's teachings |
|
|
The "Rubaiyat"
|
finest poem ever written
|
|
|
Sahara Desert
|
-Desert region in nothern Africa that is the largest hot desert in the world
-prevented the Muslims from spreading Islam into South America |
|
|
Sunna
|
name given to customs based on Muhammad's words and deeds
|
|
|
African Fables
|
taught lessons/educate children
|
|
|
African Family
|
women were mothers
|
|
|
African Society
|
family formed the base of African society
|
|
|
African Trade Routes
|
helped them get money
|
|
|
Europeans in West Africa
|
slave trade started
|
|
|
Ghana's Kings
|
accepted Islam
|
|
|
Ghana
|
-grew wealthy from the taxes on salt and gold
-country in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea |
|
|
Mali
|
Republic in north western Africa
|
|
|
Niger River
|
-west African civilizations form around this river
-part of the trade route -civilizations grew up around the books |
|
|
North Africa
|
-hard to reach
-several civilizations started there |
|
|
Oral History
|
stories passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation
|
|
|
Savanas
|
tropical grasslands
|
|
|
Slave Trade
|
started in 1444
|
|
|
Songhai
|
-the largest empire in West Africa in the 1500s
-100 years -died off from guns and canons |
|
|
Songhai's Rulers
|
failed to stop Berbers
|
|
|
Sunni Ali
|
-leader of Songhai
-made Songhai the largest west African empire -drove out Berbers |
|
|
Timbuktu
|
trading city of Muslim learning in West Africa
|
|
|
West Africa
|
-the emergence of large empires led to the growth of centralized governments
-home to Ghana, Mali, and Songhai -savanas and plateos |
|
|
West African Schools
|
griots were teachers in the schools
|
|
|
Buddhism
|
-became a popular religion in China because people sought comfort during war and famine
-what Indian traders and missionaries broughtto China, Korea, and Japan |
|
|
China
|
-country in East Asia
-world's largest population |
|
|
Chinese merchants
|
at one point were too rich, so trade stopped
|
|
|
Chinese trade
|
silk, silk fabric, tea, steel, paper, and porcelain
|
|
|
Coal
|
-steel was made by heating this
-major trading good |
|
|
Genghis Khan
|
-united the Mongols into a great empire
-protected routes to help trade -conquered a vast territory |
|
|
Great Khan
|
Kublai Khan
|
|
|
Himalayas
|
Mountain system forming a barrier between India adn the rest of Asia
|
|
|
Kublai Khan
|
-Genghis Khan's grandson
-started Yuan dynasty |
|
|
Mongol Empire
|
-used terror to scare people into surrending
-they were skilled warriors -adopted some of the practices of conquered peoples -known for being fierce and successful warriors |
|
|
Mongols
|
-people that took over China
-known for their ability to ride horsesadn wage war |
|
|
Marco Polo
|
one of the most famous Eurpean travelerto reach China
|
|
|
Neo-Confucianism
|
-the official philosophy of the Song dynasty
-blend of Buddhism and Confucianism |
|
|
Samarkand
|
capital of Samarquand Oblast, central Uzbeckistan
|
|
|
Silk
|
important trade item for the Chinese
|
|
|
Silk Road
|
-Tang armies invaded Tibet and took over
-connected Europe to China -major trade route |
|
|
Song Dynasty
|
-AD 960 to 1279
-time of prosperity adn cultural achievement -weak military -paintings were of landscapes |
|
|
Steel
|
-discovered after heating coal
-major trade good |
|
|
Sui Dynasty
|
-AD 581 to 618
-general Wendi declared himself emperor adn founded this short lived dynasty - built Grand Canal -reunited China in A.D. 581 |
|
|
Tang Dynasty
|
-AD 618 to 907
-rulers worked to strengthen China's government, civil service exams were restored, expanded from Korea to northern Vietnam -established landreforms -trade grew because improvements in agriculture were made, new roads and waterways were built, and the Silk Road was controlled by the Chinese -most popular item traded was silk -supported Neo-Confucianism because they were worried about population of Buddhism |
|
|
Tang Farmers
|
-developed new kinds fo rice that grew well in soil, produced more per acre faster, and were resistant to disease
-grew tea |
|
|
Tang Military
|
-pushed west into central Asia
-took control of the silk road -defeated by Turks |
|
|
Tea
|
popular Chinese crop and drink
|
|
|
Turks
|
-drove out Tang army from central Asia
|
|
|
Voyages of Zheng He
|
-were to show off China'a power
-trade with other kingdoms -demanded the weaker kingdoms pay tribute -stopped because Confucius rulers didn't like the ideas coming from the other contries and that the merchants were getting too rich |
|
|
Ashikaga Shoguns
|
-weak rulers
-revolts broke out |
|
|
China
|
-country in East Asia
-world's largest population |
|
|
Daimyos
|
-powerful military lord in feudal
-were incharge of the Ashikaga Shogun's territory |
|
|
Fujiwara Clan
|
-most regents came from this clan
-under this Japan's emperors were honored -emperors spent time studying Buddism or writing poetry -had the most power over the government |
|
|
Japan
|
country occupying a chain of island in the northern Pacific Ocean
|
|
|
Japanese Beliefs
|
animism = the early Japanese belief system
|
|
|
Japanese religions
|
-Shinto = what animism developed into
-Buddhism |
|
|
Japan's Farmland
|
-not big
-was fought over -was poor because it was too mountainous |
|
|
Japan's Government Officials
|
-ranked
-top official recieved estates |
|
|
Japan's Warrior class
|
shoguns and samurais
|
|
|
Medieval Japan
|
-Buddhism and Shinto
-nobles, merchants, and artisans grew wealthy -the Fujiwara clan had the most power over government |
|
|
Meditation
|
practice of quiet reflection to clear the mind and find inner peace
|
|
|
mountains
|
made farming hard
|
|
|
nobles
|
-high up government officials
-gave land to samurai in exchange for protection and loyalty |
|
|
Prince Shotoku
|
-Yamato prince
-created a strong government -got ideas from China for government |
|
|
Samurai
|
class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land
|
|
|
Sea of Japan
|
Aarm of the Pacific Ocean lying between Japan and the Asian mainland
|
|
|
Shinto
|
"the way of the spirits"
|
|
|
shogun
|
comander of all of the emperor's military forces
|
|
|
Yamato Clan
|
-ruled most of Japan
-first clan to be strong enough to rule Japan |
|
|
Zen Buddhism
|
-people could find inner peace through self-control and a simple way of life
-controlled the body and mind through martial arts and meditation |
|
|
Atahualpa
|
-thought Pizarro was crazy and foolish
-Incan emperor |
|
|
Aztec
|
group of people in Central America
|
|
|
Aztec Empire
|
-built up their empire by conquering other people
-large -strong |
|
|
Aztec History
|
-conquerors
-sacrifices -taken over by Spanish |
|
|
Aztec Society
|
-king at top
-then nobles -commoners -unskilled laborers, -enslaved people |
|
|
Central America
|
where Aztecs and Incas were
|
|
|
Conquest
|
journey
|
|
|
Conquistadors
|
-spanish conqueror or soldiers in the Americas
|
|
|
Cuzco
|
city in south Peru
|
|
|
Francisco Pizarro
|
-conquistador who served Balboa
-conquered the Incan empire |
|
|
Hernan Cortes
|
-poor Spanish noble
-conquered the Aztec empire |
|
|
Inca
|
conquered by Pizarro
|
|
|
Inca Empire
|
-destroyed by smallpox
-in Peru |
|
|
Incan History
|
-grew
-taken over by Pizarro because of Atahualpa |
|
|
Mexico
|
north american country south of the US
|
|
|
Montezuma
|
Aztec emperor when Cortes arrived
|
|
|
Nahuatl
|
a type of language
|
|
|
Peru
|
-where Inca developed
-south American country |
|
|
Quetzalcoatl
|
a god
|
|
|
Quipus
|
-rope with knotted cords of different colors and length
-used for calculations |
|
|
South America
|
Continent in southern part of the Western Hemisphere lying between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
|
|
|
Spanish Conquest of the Aztec
|
Cortes invaded the Aztec empire and defeated them
|
|
|
Spanish Conquest of the Inca
|
Pizarro began attacking Incan villagges, tricked Atahualpa and beat the Inca
|
|
|
Tenochtitlan
|
Aztec city in the Valley of Mexico
|
|
|
Treasure (Gold)
|
what the Spanish looking for good
|
