Colonial America

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Jamestown, VA

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Established in 1607 became the first permanent English settlement.

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Plymouth, MA

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Established in 1620 by the pilgrims, passengers of the Mayflower.

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Pilgrims

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Seperatists who journeyed to the colonies during the 1600's for a religious purpose. The Pilgrims' story of seeking religious freedom has become a central theme in our country's history.

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Puritans

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Protestants who, during the 1600's, wanted to reform the Angelican Church.

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Quakers

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A person who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; accepted different religious and ethnic groups.

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Roger Williams

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An English Protestant who was a proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state; in 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities.

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William Penn

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Founder of Providence Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

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Lord Baltimore

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When Cecile Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, created the colony of Maryland, he formed it based on the ideas of freedom of religion and separation of church and state. Maryland, in fact, became known as heaven for Roman Catholics in the New World.

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James Oglethorpe

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Founder of the colony of Georgia; he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those debtor's prisons, in the New World.

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Magna Carta (Great Charter)

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Signed in 1215, this document limited the powers of the English King; it contains two basic ideas: monarchs themselves have to obey the laws, and citizens have basic rights.

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English Bill of Rights

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A 1689 document that guaranteed certain rights of English citizens; this document further limited the powers of the English Monarchy.

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Mayflower Compact

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Written in 1620, that provide Law and Order to the Plymouth Colony; The First Agreement for self-government in America.

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(Virginia) House of Burgesses

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The very first group of government Representatives ( legislative assembly) in the United States; the name is from burgess which is an English name that very quickly came to represent elected officials.

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Fundamental

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Written by Thomas Hooker, it is considered the first written Constitution (plan of government) in British North America.

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Toleration Act of 1649

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Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; one of the first laws protecting religious tolerance (acceptance of different beliefs) to be passed in the English colonies

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Zenger Case (John Peter Zenger)

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A trial against the author of newspaper article that criticized the corrupt NY British governor, who was charged with sedition and libel but was acquitted; it's contributed to the First Amendment policy of freedom of the press.

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Mercantilism

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An economic theory that states that a nation's power is based on its wealth; this requires the accumulation of valuable Commodities, and a balance of trade that favors exports over Imports.

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Triangular trade

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The transatlantic system of trade in which Goods, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America.

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Middle Passage

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The voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.

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Indentured servant

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Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

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Subsistence farming

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Farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

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Plantation farming

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Farming done in large Farms that raise cash crops with the use of slavery

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Great Awakening

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A Revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s

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Anne Hutchinson

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A Puritan woman who strong religious convictions led to her banishment from Boston with many of her supporters; who is encouragement from Rodger Williams, Hutchinson and many of her supporters established the settlement of Portsmouth and what became the colony of Rhode Island and Providence plantations.