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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medici, family of bankers and merchants in Florence who support the arts
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Patrons
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Catholic priest who protests the selling of indulgences in Germany
95 Thesis Excommunicated Forms new Protestant Church (Lutheran) |
Martin Luther
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German princes choose to be Catholic or Protestant, Northern Germany Protestant, Southern Germany Catholic
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Peace of Augsburg
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French Protestant
Teachings: Predestination, salvation by faith, Bible only truth, work ethic |
John Calvin
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Grants religious freedom in France
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Edict of Nantes
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Breaks with Catholic Church over divorce of Catherine of Aragon - Creates the church of England
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Henry VIII
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Elizabethan Religious Settlement, mixes Catholic and Protestant teachings and establishes the Anglican Church as the official church in England
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Elizabeth I
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Efforts by Catholic Church to reform itself and regain lost membership from Protestant Reformation
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Catholic Counter Reformation
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Catholic Church courts established to root out heretics
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Inquisition
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Western Europe begin to seek water routes to establish trade with Asia
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Age of Exploration
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Portuguese Prince establishes school of navigation seeking route around Africa to Asia
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Henry the Navigator
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First European to sail around Africa and establish trade with Asia (India)
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Vasco de Gama
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Seeks western route to the east - first European to land in Western Hemisphere
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Columbus (Spain)
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First European to circumnavigate the globe
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Magellan (spain)
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First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
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Drake (England)
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St. Lawrence River claims Canada for France
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Cartier (France)
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Defeats Aztecs
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Cortez (Spain)
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Defeats Inca
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Pizzaro (Spain)
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Divides world between Spain and Portugal (Line of Demarcation)
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Treaty of Tordesailles
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Triangular Trade Route
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Europe, Africa and America
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Man is essentially good and rational and have natural rights. The purpose of govt is to protect those natural rights. TWO TREATISES ON CIVIL GOVT
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Locke
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Wrote the Leviathan - man is selfish and greedy. Must have strong absolute ruler to maintain social order.
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Hobbes
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Composers of the Enlightenment
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Bach, Mozart, Handel
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Wrote the Spirit of Laws
- calls for separation of powers to protect the rights of the people against too strong of a govt |
Montesquieu
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The Social Contract
Noble savage - Man is good in its natural state. Society corrupts the individual. |
Roussseau
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Freedom of speech, religion
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Voltaire
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Who the first edition of the encyclopedia
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Diderot
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Wealth of Nations
- economic philosopher calls for free market (laissez faire) economics. Competition and free enterprise |
Adam Smith
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Wrote Don Quixote
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Cervantes
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The development of the scientific method relying on experimentation and observation to further knowledge
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Scientific Revolution
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Begins argument for heliocentric theory ( sun is the center of the universe)
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Copernicus
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Mathematicion proves Copernicus is right
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Keppler
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Laws of gravity
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Newton
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Circulation of blood
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Harvey
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The Sun King, builder of Versailles Palace which becomes the symbol of absolutism in France
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Louis XIV
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Makes Prussia a European power through the militarization of the Prussian state
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Frederick the Great
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Absolute rulers who use ideas from the Enlightenment to improve their kingdoms
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Enlightened Despots
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Modernizes Russia by bringing technology from the western Europe into Russia, established a warm water port on the Baltic and builds his new capital
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Peter the Great
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The peaceful overthrow of James II by Parliament, leads to the crowning of WIlliam and Mary as the joint ruler of England
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Glorious revolution
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Continues the work of Peter the Great, builds Russian power and influence and gains the Black Sea for Russia
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Catherine the Great
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Round heads vs. Cavaliers
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English Civil War
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King and queen of France are reduced to constitutional monarchs by the National Convention (Tennis Court Oath)
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Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
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Marks the beginning of the French Revolution in Paris
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Storming of the Bastille
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The monarchy is dissolved and Frances becomes a Republic
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The French Republic
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Led by Robespierre and the Committee of Safety, thousands die in the guillotine - including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
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Reign of Terror
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Ends the revolution when he became Emperor. Reign ends with Battle of Waterloo
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Napolean
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Napolean establishes standardized law, civil liberties and rights for all citizens. Still the basis of French law and other European nations
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Code Napolean
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Following the fall of Napolean, European Powers try to restore the balance of power in Europe. Monarchies are restored and France i surrounded by strong nations to prevent France from threatening the peace of Europe again.
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Congress of Vienna
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Austrian Foreign minister - author of the congress of vienna
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Metternich
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first nations to industrialize - textiles are first product made by machine
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England
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forced english farmers from the land, the move to cities looking for work will become labor force in factories
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Enclosure
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though conditions are hard, long hours and low pay in dangerous conditions - the massive productions of goods allows for a growing consumer market.
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Standard of living
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work for better pay, shorter wark day and better working conditions.
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labor unions
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industrial utopian movement
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Robert Owen
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steam engine
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Watt
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Mass production of steel
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Bessemer
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Spall Pox vaccine
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Jenner
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Germ theory of disease, bacteria
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Pasteur
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Antiseptics and sterilzation
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Lister
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Communist Manifesto class struggle, rise of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie. Communism, workers control the means of production
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Marx
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Prime minister of Sardinia unifies Northern Italy
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Cavour
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Italian Nationalist unifies Southern Italy
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Garibaldi
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King of Sardinia becomes king of unied Italy
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Victor Emmanuel
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Iron Chancellor of Prussia, Realpolitik, Blood and Iron, unifies Germany with Franko-Prussian war
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Bismark
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First Kaiser of the united nation of Germany
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Wilhelm I
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Sun never sets on the British Empire - largest empire in world controls East Africa from Cape of Good Hope to Egypt. India- British East India Company loses control of India during Sepoy Rebellion
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British Empire
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France dominates Saharan and sub Saharan Africa and Indo-China
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French Empire
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Controlling ports for trade - mainly in China
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Spheres of Influence
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Leaves local ruler in charge under direction of mother country - India
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Protectorarte
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Opens Japan following years of self imposed isolation, to foreign trade, begins modernization of japan
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Matthew Perry
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US prohibits further colonization of America by Europe
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Monroe Doctorine
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Leads slave rebellion in Haiti against France establishes first Black Reoublic
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Toussant L'Overture
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Liberator of South America
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Simon Bolivar
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Starts mexican revolution
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Father Hidago
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US gains Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba
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Spanish - American War
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England, France, Russia
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Triple Entente
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Germany, Italy, Austria- Hungary
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Triple Alliance
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assasinated in Sarajevo by Serbian extremists
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Archduke Franz-Ferdinand
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Powder keg of Europe
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Balkans
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What kind of warfare was during this war?
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Trench warfare
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allowed limited capitalism to restore the Soviet economy following the Russian Civil Way
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New Economic Policy
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Germany sinks lusitanis
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Unrestricted submarine warfare
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Germany offers Mexico the Western US - US declares war on Germany
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Wilsons's plan for peace - league of Nations
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Fourteen points
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Ends world war one - germany is forced to pay $33 billion in restitution
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Versailles Treaty
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League of Nations creates mandates of former Ottoman Empire territories. England controls Palestine, Iraq and Trans Jordan, France controls Syria and Lebanon
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Mandate System
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Invaded Manchuria and CHina
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Japan
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NAZI leader of Germany, anger over Versailles Treaty, Mein Kampf, Beer Hall Putsch, Anti-Semitism, Kristallnacht
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Adolf Hitler
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Prime Minister of Japan
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Tojo
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Divine Emperor of Japan
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Hirohito
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Fascist dictator of Italy, public works, invades
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Benito Mussolini
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Succeeds Lenin as leader of USSR, Great Purges, 5 Year Plan
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Joseph Stalin
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Lenin leads communist revolution
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Soviet Union
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Marks the beginning of World War II
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Invasion of Poland
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Lightning War - German Military tactics
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Blitzkrieg
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Maginot Line
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Fall of France
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British evacuate European continent
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Dunkirk
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Air war over England. Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force
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Battle of Britain
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German invasion of Ussr
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Barbarossa
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Nazi genocide of Jews and other undesirables
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Holocaust
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Brings US into war
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
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The Big Three
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Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
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Leader of US General Europe
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Eisenhower
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Leader of US General Pacific
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MacArthur
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development of the atomic bomb
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Manhattan project
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Turning point of North Africa
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El Alamein
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Turning point in Russia
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Stalingrad
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Turning point in the Pacific
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Midway
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Turning point of the Normandy Invasion - France
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D-Day
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US bombs with atomic bomb ending WWII
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Code name for development of atomic weapons
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Manhattan Project
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Top Nazi's are tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity
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Nuremburg War Crime Trials
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The planned, systematic destruction of a racial, political, cultural or religious group
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Genocide
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By the Ottoman Empire during WWII
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Armenian Genocide
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the genocide by Nazi Germany of Jews, mentally ill, handicapped, homosexuals, Gypsies, and other undesirables
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Holocaust
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After break up of Yugoslavia "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia
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Balkan Genocide
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Hundreds of thousands of Tutsi tribesmen are slaughtered by rival Hutu tribesmen 1994
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Rwanda Genocide
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Held in 1944 between Churchill, FDR and Stalin. An agreement is made that Germany will be divided after the war by the allies
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Yalta Conference
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This is founded during the cold war. US, England, France, China and USSA control security
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United Nations
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Massive US aid to rebuild Western Europe - USSR refuses Eastern Bloc Nations to participate
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Marshall Plan
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term coined by Churchill, he describes Eastern Europe as being held behind an "______ _______" of Soviet domination
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Iron Curtain
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Stalin closes West Berlin to the western allies - for a year West Berlin depends on the Berlin Airlife to survive
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Berlin Blockade
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President Truman commits the Us to containing the spread of communism
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Truman Doctorine
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Moa Zedung leads successful communist revolution in China 1949
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People Republic of China
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1949 beginning of nuclear arms race
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USSR developes atomic weapons
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A military alliance of Western Europe, Canada and the US to defend against Soviet regression
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NATO
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N.A.T.O
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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Soviet equivalent to NATO made up of the USSR and the Eastern Block Nations.
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Warsaw pact
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1950-1953 UN forces fight North Korean and Chinese troops to stop South Korea from being taken over by communist forces
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Korean War
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Fidel Castro overthrows Cuba
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Communist Revolution in Cuba
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US failed attempt to overthrow Castro by land invasion of Cuban nationalists
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Bay of Pig Invasion
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Soviet put nuclear missiles in Cuba - the world comes to the brink of nuclear war
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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US following the policy of containment tries to stop the communist take over of South Vietnam
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Vietnam War
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Turning point in the Cold Wat
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Tet Offensive
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USSR tries to defend communist regime i Afghanistan - after 10 years failed and is forced to withdraw - drains Soviet economy and creates unrest in USSR
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Soviet Union invade Afghanistan
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Reagan beings massive weapons program, USSR tried to keep pace destroying the Soviet economy
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Reagan and Gorbechev
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Gorbechev introduces democratic reform in USSR Perestrokia - free interprise, Glasnost - freedom of speech and press
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Glasnost and Perestroika
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This symbolizes the end of communist eastern bloc
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Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
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Soviet Republics break away from USSR - Cold War ends
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Collapse of USSR (1991)
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