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139 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Medici, family of bankers and merchants in Florence who support the arts
Patrons
Catholic priest who protests the selling of indulgences in Germany
95 Thesis
Excommunicated
Forms new Protestant Church (Lutheran)
Martin Luther
German princes choose to be Catholic or Protestant, Northern Germany Protestant, Southern Germany Catholic
Peace of Augsburg
French Protestant
Teachings: Predestination, salvation by faith, Bible only truth, work ethic
John Calvin
Grants religious freedom in France
Edict of Nantes
Breaks with Catholic Church over divorce of Catherine of Aragon - Creates the church of England
Henry VIII
Elizabethan Religious Settlement, mixes Catholic and Protestant teachings and establishes the Anglican Church as the official church in England
Elizabeth I
Efforts by Catholic Church to reform itself and regain lost membership from Protestant Reformation
Catholic Counter Reformation
Catholic Church courts established to root out heretics
Inquisition
Western Europe begin to seek water routes to establish trade with Asia
Age of Exploration
Portuguese Prince establishes school of navigation seeking route around Africa to Asia
Henry the Navigator
First European to sail around Africa and establish trade with Asia (India)
Vasco de Gama
Seeks western route to the east - first European to land in Western Hemisphere
Columbus (Spain)
First European to circumnavigate the globe
Magellan (spain)
First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
Drake (England)
St. Lawrence River claims Canada for France
Cartier (France)
Defeats Aztecs
Cortez (Spain)
Defeats Inca
Pizzaro (Spain)
Divides world between Spain and Portugal (Line of Demarcation)
Treaty of Tordesailles
Triangular Trade Route
Europe, Africa and America
Man is essentially good and rational and have natural rights. The purpose of govt is to protect those natural rights. TWO TREATISES ON CIVIL GOVT
Locke
Wrote the Leviathan - man is selfish and greedy. Must have strong absolute ruler to maintain social order.
Hobbes
Composers of the Enlightenment
Bach, Mozart, Handel
Wrote the Spirit of Laws
- calls for separation of powers to protect the rights of the people against too strong of a govt
Montesquieu
The Social Contract
Noble savage - Man is good in its natural state. Society corrupts the individual.
Roussseau
Freedom of speech, religion
Voltaire
Who the first edition of the encyclopedia
Diderot
Wealth of Nations
- economic philosopher calls for free market (laissez faire) economics. Competition and free enterprise
Adam Smith
Wrote Don Quixote
Cervantes
The development of the scientific method relying on experimentation and observation to further knowledge
Scientific Revolution
Begins argument for heliocentric theory ( sun is the center of the universe)
Copernicus
Mathematicion proves Copernicus is right
Keppler
Laws of gravity
Newton
Circulation of blood
Harvey
The Sun King, builder of Versailles Palace which becomes the symbol of absolutism in France
Louis XIV
Makes Prussia a European power through the militarization of the Prussian state
Frederick the Great
Absolute rulers who use ideas from the Enlightenment to improve their kingdoms
Enlightened Despots
Modernizes Russia by bringing technology from the western Europe into Russia, established a warm water port on the Baltic and builds his new capital
Peter the Great
The peaceful overthrow of James II by Parliament, leads to the crowning of WIlliam and Mary as the joint ruler of England
Glorious revolution
Continues the work of Peter the Great, builds Russian power and influence and gains the Black Sea for Russia
Catherine the Great
Round heads vs. Cavaliers
English Civil War
King and queen of France are reduced to constitutional monarchs by the National Convention (Tennis Court Oath)
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Marks the beginning of the French Revolution in Paris
Storming of the Bastille
The monarchy is dissolved and Frances becomes a Republic
The French Republic
Led by Robespierre and the Committee of Safety, thousands die in the guillotine - including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Reign of Terror
Ends the revolution when he became Emperor. Reign ends with Battle of Waterloo
Napolean
Napolean establishes standardized law, civil liberties and rights for all citizens. Still the basis of French law and other European nations
Code Napolean
Following the fall of Napolean, European Powers try to restore the balance of power in Europe. Monarchies are restored and France i surrounded by strong nations to prevent France from threatening the peace of Europe again.
Congress of Vienna
Austrian Foreign minister - author of the congress of vienna
Metternich
first nations to industrialize - textiles are first product made by machine
England
forced english farmers from the land, the move to cities looking for work will become labor force in factories
Enclosure
though conditions are hard, long hours and low pay in dangerous conditions - the massive productions of goods allows for a growing consumer market.
Standard of living
work for better pay, shorter wark day and better working conditions.
labor unions
industrial utopian movement
Robert Owen
steam engine
Watt
Mass production of steel
Bessemer
Spall Pox vaccine
Jenner
Germ theory of disease, bacteria
Pasteur
Antiseptics and sterilzation
Lister
Communist Manifesto class struggle, rise of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie. Communism, workers control the means of production
Marx
Prime minister of Sardinia unifies Northern Italy
Cavour
Italian Nationalist unifies Southern Italy
Garibaldi
King of Sardinia becomes king of unied Italy
Victor Emmanuel
Iron Chancellor of Prussia, Realpolitik, Blood and Iron, unifies Germany with Franko-Prussian war
Bismark
First Kaiser of the united nation of Germany
Wilhelm I
Sun never sets on the British Empire - largest empire in world controls East Africa from Cape of Good Hope to Egypt. India- British East India Company loses control of India during Sepoy Rebellion
British Empire
France dominates Saharan and sub Saharan Africa and Indo-China
French Empire
Controlling ports for trade - mainly in China
Spheres of Influence
Leaves local ruler in charge under direction of mother country - India
Protectorarte
Opens Japan following years of self imposed isolation, to foreign trade, begins modernization of japan
Matthew Perry
US prohibits further colonization of America by Europe
Monroe Doctorine
Leads slave rebellion in Haiti against France establishes first Black Reoublic
Toussant L'Overture
Liberator of South America
Simon Bolivar
Starts mexican revolution
Father Hidago
US gains Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba
Spanish - American War
England, France, Russia
Triple Entente
Germany, Italy, Austria- Hungary
Triple Alliance
assasinated in Sarajevo by Serbian extremists
Archduke Franz-Ferdinand
Powder keg of Europe
Balkans
What kind of warfare was during this war?
Trench warfare
allowed limited capitalism to restore the Soviet economy following the Russian Civil Way
New Economic Policy
Germany sinks lusitanis
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany offers Mexico the Western US - US declares war on Germany
Zimmerman Telegram
Wilsons's plan for peace - league of Nations
Fourteen points
Ends world war one - germany is forced to pay $33 billion in restitution
Versailles Treaty
League of Nations creates mandates of former Ottoman Empire territories. England controls Palestine, Iraq and Trans Jordan, France controls Syria and Lebanon
Mandate System
Invaded Manchuria and CHina
Japan
NAZI leader of Germany, anger over Versailles Treaty, Mein Kampf, Beer Hall Putsch, Anti-Semitism, Kristallnacht
Adolf Hitler
Prime Minister of Japan
Tojo
Divine Emperor of Japan
Hirohito
Fascist dictator of Italy, public works, invades
Benito Mussolini
Succeeds Lenin as leader of USSR, Great Purges, 5 Year Plan
Joseph Stalin
Lenin leads communist revolution
Soviet Union
Marks the beginning of World War II
Invasion of Poland
Lightning War - German Military tactics
Blitzkrieg
Maginot Line
Fall of France
British evacuate European continent
Dunkirk
Air war over England. Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force
Battle of Britain
German invasion of Ussr
Barbarossa
Nazi genocide of Jews and other undesirables
Holocaust
Brings US into war
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The Big Three
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Leader of US General Europe
Eisenhower
Leader of US General Pacific
MacArthur
development of the atomic bomb
Manhattan project
Turning point of North Africa
El Alamein
Turning point in Russia
Stalingrad
Turning point in the Pacific
Midway
Turning point of the Normandy Invasion - France
D-Day
US bombs with atomic bomb ending WWII
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Code name for development of atomic weapons
Manhattan Project
Top Nazi's are tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity
Nuremburg War Crime Trials
The planned, systematic destruction of a racial, political, cultural or religious group
Genocide
By the Ottoman Empire during WWII
Armenian Genocide
the genocide by Nazi Germany of Jews, mentally ill, handicapped, homosexuals, Gypsies, and other undesirables
Holocaust
After break up of Yugoslavia "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia
Balkan Genocide
Hundreds of thousands of Tutsi tribesmen are slaughtered by rival Hutu tribesmen 1994
Rwanda Genocide
Held in 1944 between Churchill, FDR and Stalin. An agreement is made that Germany will be divided after the war by the allies
Yalta Conference
This is founded during the cold war. US, England, France, China and USSA control security
United Nations
Massive US aid to rebuild Western Europe - USSR refuses Eastern Bloc Nations to participate
Marshall Plan
term coined by Churchill, he describes Eastern Europe as being held behind an "______ _______" of Soviet domination
Iron Curtain
Stalin closes West Berlin to the western allies - for a year West Berlin depends on the Berlin Airlife to survive
Berlin Blockade
President Truman commits the Us to containing the spread of communism
Truman Doctorine
Moa Zedung leads successful communist revolution in China 1949
People Republic of China
1949 beginning of nuclear arms race
USSR developes atomic weapons
A military alliance of Western Europe, Canada and the US to defend against Soviet regression
NATO
N.A.T.O
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Soviet equivalent to NATO made up of the USSR and the Eastern Block Nations.
Warsaw pact
1950-1953 UN forces fight North Korean and Chinese troops to stop South Korea from being taken over by communist forces
Korean War
Fidel Castro overthrows Cuba
Communist Revolution in Cuba
US failed attempt to overthrow Castro by land invasion of Cuban nationalists
Bay of Pig Invasion
Soviet put nuclear missiles in Cuba - the world comes to the brink of nuclear war
Cuban Missile Crisis
US following the policy of containment tries to stop the communist take over of South Vietnam
Vietnam War
Turning point in the Cold Wat
Tet Offensive
USSR tries to defend communist regime i Afghanistan - after 10 years failed and is forced to withdraw - drains Soviet economy and creates unrest in USSR
Soviet Union invade Afghanistan
Reagan beings massive weapons program, USSR tried to keep pace destroying the Soviet economy
Reagan and Gorbechev
Gorbechev introduces democratic reform in USSR Perestrokia - free interprise, Glasnost - freedom of speech and press
Glasnost and Perestroika
This symbolizes the end of communist eastern bloc
Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
Soviet Republics break away from USSR - Cold War ends
Collapse of USSR (1991)