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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Henry II - 3 facts
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• Became King of England in 1154
• Developed jury trial • Helped establish “common law” as basis of legal system |
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King John
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• King who wanted to raise taxes for war
• Forced to sign Magna Carta, limiting the king’s power • Nobles got mad at him for raising taxes |
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Edward I
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• Called lords and knights together to ask for money for war
• Established Model Parliament, which established standard for later parliaments • Was King of England in 1295 |
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Charles I
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• Forced to sign “Petition of Right”
• Dismissed Parliament, then asked them back years later • King who ruled during England’s Civil War |
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Oliver Cromwell
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• English Civil War hero
• Fought Civil War on side of Roundheads • Became military dictator |
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Charles II
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• King during England’s “Restoration” period
• Restored monarchy and Parliament after Civil War • Son of king who was beheaded, but nothing like his father |
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King James II
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• Catholic king whom English Protestants didn’t want in power
• Overthrown by his own daughter • Fled to France after the Glorious Revolution |
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William and Mary
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• Married couple who overthrew king in Glorious Revolution
• Constitutional monarchy established under their rule • English Bill of Rights established under their rule |
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John Locke
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Believed all people are born with natural rights—life, liberty, and property • Believed people should overthrow their government if it doesn’t protect citizens’ natural rights |
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Thomas Hobbes
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Thought people were naturally wicked and selfish • Believed in social contract where people give up certain rights to live in organized society |
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Voltaire
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Believed in freedom of religion and freedom of speech • His views made their way into the first amendment of the Constitution |
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Montesquieu
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Believed in separation of powers & checks and balances • His views became the basis of the US Constitution, which established the 3 branches of government |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Believed in direct democracy • Said legitimate government came from the consent of the governed |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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• Enlightenment philosopher
• Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • Believed women should receive the same education as men and enter male-dominated fields |
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George Washington
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• Fought in French and Indian War
• Military hero who led the colonists in the American Revolution • First president of the United States |
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Thomas Jefferson
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• Wrote the Declaration of Independence
• Heavily influenced by the Enlightenment ideas • Wrote long list of King George III’s abuses |
