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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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during the period from the collapse of the western part of the Roman Empire until the 19th century, Italy was divided in
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several states or kingdoms
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Some states were controlled by
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foreign countries
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Italians wanted a unified, independent country-primary reason was nationalism
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nationalism
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The strongest state in Italy was the kingdom of
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Sardinia
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Two people most responsible for unifying Italy were
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Camillo de Cavour and Garibaldi
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Prime minister of the kingdom of sardinia
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Camillo de Cavour
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watned his state (-------) to be the leading one in unified Italy (political leader of Italian unification)
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Cavour, sardinia
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organized an army of Italians called the Red Shirts
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Garibaldi
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his army overthrew the unpopular king of the kingdom of the two Sicilies
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Garibaldi
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Many Italians who lived there assisted his army
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Garibaldi
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military leader of Italian unification
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Garibaldi
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policial leader of Italian unification
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Cavour
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The king of Sardinia became the king of
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Italy
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A part of the ________ ________ was still controlled by the pope
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Papal states
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this area joined the rest of Italy in spite of the pope's opposition
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papal states
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The small section of rome that was set aside and is controlled by the pope is called
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Vatican City
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In 1815 the _________ _ _______ created the German Confederation in the area where the Holy Roman Empire had existed
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congress of Vienna
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In 1815 the congress of vienna created _______ _________ __________ in the area where the HRE had existed
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the german confederation
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Consisted of loosely connected states, each having its own government
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The German Confederation
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The leading states in the German Confederation were
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Austria and Prussia
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By the 1860's, Prussia wanted a united Germany with its state as the leading one
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Prussia
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Became Prime minister of Prussia
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Otto von bismark
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Determined to accomplish Prussia's goal
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Otto von Bismark
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Believed in accomplishing things through military force (blood and iron)
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otto von bismark
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believed in blood and iron
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otto von bismark
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Deliberately started wars, began one with Austria
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otto von bismark
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Austria was quickly defeated
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yeah...uh huh..remeber that will ya, ashy
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Prussia was now the leading ______ _____
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German state
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_______ opposed German unificatoin-feared a united Germany would have too much power
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France
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________ wanted a war against France
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Bismark
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________ received a telegram that describeda meeting between a __________ _ _______ and the _________ _______
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Bismark,representative of France,Prussian king (Wilhelm 1)
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what was the document described a meeting between a representative of France and the Prussian king?
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em's telegram or em's dispatch
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What did Bismark's edited version of the telegram imply?
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That France had been insulted by Prussia
Prussia had been threatened (france is defensive now) by France |
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________ then declared war on ________ (Franco purssina war
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France declared war on Prussia (Germany
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Leader of France was
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Napoleon III
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Leader of Prussia was
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Wilhelm I
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Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War?
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France
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What were the results of the war?
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1. Napoleon III (leader of France) forced to abdicate
2. Prussia took the French provinces Alsace and Lorraine ( much coal and iron ore there) 3. Frnace had to pay reparations for the war |
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What valuable raw materials were located in Alsace and Lorraine??
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coal and iron ore
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All german states except ))))))))))) were united into one country called _______________
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Austria ( fought against prussia therefore was left out, the two big dogs were austria and prussia) Germany
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Where did the German unification ceremony take place in?
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Versailles
Outside Paris |
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_________ was named chancellor of Germany
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Bismark
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What title is Chancellor like?
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Prime Minister
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as industries increased in Germany, ___________ became popular
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socialism
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In order to give Germans less cause to become _________, __________ (person) had many ____________ reforms passed himself
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socialists, Bismark had many socialist reforms passed himself
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_____________ made sure Germany maintained a ___________ __________
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powerful military
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Bismark became known as the "________ ___________"
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Iron Chancellor
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After Wilhelm I died, __________ ___ became _______
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Wilhelm II, kaiser (german word for Caesar)
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The new kaiser (wilhem II) believed that Bismark had too much power and that Bismark should have aquired more
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colonies for Germany
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In 1890, _________ ___ forced Bismark to resign
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Wilhelm II
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Russia was ruled by an ____________ _________ called a
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czar, tsar, tsarina, czarina
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Made some reforms beased on the idea of liberalism
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Alexander II
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Freed the serfs
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Alexander II
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true or false: living conditions for serfs improved drastically
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False, they changed very little
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Many serfs could not afford to buy
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land
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Those accused of crimes were given public trials by jury instead of ___________ trials by the __________ ________
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secret trials by government officials
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reduced power of secret police and granted more freedom ofthe press
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Alexander II
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___________ felt his reforms went too far
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Reactionaries
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_________ felt his reforms were not drastic enough
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Radicals
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Why were the Jews discriminated against?
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People disliked their religious beliefs, and they were successful businessmen, lawyers and bakners
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anti-jewish feeling
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anti-semitism
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movement that developed among jews. Wanted to establish a separate nation for Jews, accomplished in 1948
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Zionism
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