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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was President Johnson? |
- An ex-Democrat and ex-slave owner from Tennessee. - Was the only Senator from any of the Confederate states to stay loyal to the union. - Became President after Lincoln's death. |
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How did Johnson approach Reconstruction? |
- Believed it was federal government's responsibility. - Didn't want to promote the position of ex-slaves. - Was opposed to black suffrage. |
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By the time Congress met in December 1865 what had happened under Johnson's Presidential Reconstruction? |
- Recognised the southern government's created under Lincoln's administration. - Issued a general amnesty to Southerners willing to swear oath of allegiance. - Confiscated land returned to pardoned Southerners. - Southern state conventions to be elected to draw up new constitutions which accepted slavery as illegal They could then be readmitted to the Union. |
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When Congress met in December 1865 why were they concerned about Reconstruction? |
- Saw it as 'Reconstruction Confederate Style'. - Due to Southern Congressman including Stephens ( Confederate vice-president) and 58 Confederate Congress members. |
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When did splits emerge between Johnson and moderate and radical Republicans? |
- Johnson chose to side with Democrats rather than moderate Republicans. - Johnson began vetoed attempt by Congress to enlarge powers of Freeman's Bureau in 1866, so moderate Republicans joined forces with Radicals to bring about the Civil Rights Act despite Johnson's veto. |
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How did Presidential Reconstruction come to an end? |
- In the mid-term elections Johnson hoped to unite Democrats and conservative Republicans by supporting the National Union Convention. - This backfired leaving Republicans with a two-thirds majority in both Houses, so they could override any veto. |
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What is Congressional Reconstruction? |
Reconstruction being controlled by Congress. |
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What did the Military Reconstruction Bill in the February 1867 Congress state? |
- No legal government, except Tennessee, existed in any Southern state. - The 10 unreconstructed states were divided into 5 military districts each placed under a federal commander. - To get back into the Union, Southern States had to elect constitutional conventions that would accept black suffrage and ratify the 14th Amendment. - The bill passed despite Johnson's veto. |
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What other two acts, introduced by Congress, weakened Johnson's power? |
- The Command of the Army Act - all military orders must be issued through the General of the army. - The Tenure of Office Act - required consent of the Senate for the President to remove an office holder. |
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Why was Johnson against The Tenure of Office Act? |
- He couldn't dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a radical sympathiser. - Despite the law he attempted to replace him with Grant who then relinquished the office back to Stanton. - This led to his impeachment. |
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What happened at Johnson's impeachment trial? |
- His impeachment was not upheld by a single vote and he remained in office where he completed his term. |
