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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Apart from Sicily, planners also looked at
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Sardinia, for attack on Rome or south France
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Factors indicating Sicily for invasion
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Malta fighters, shorter distance, easy access to mainland
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Follow-up operations in Italy
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British favoured, Americans reluctant.
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Charles Cholmondeley
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Of Section B1A came up with idea to drop false intelligence.
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Lt. Commander Ewen Montagu
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Recalled Charles Cholmondeleys idea to drop falso intelligence
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Plan to drop false intelligence of invasion in Italy
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Operation Mincemeat
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Plan to drop false intelligence of invasion in Italy
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Operation Mincemeat
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Mjr. Martin
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The fictional character of Operation Mincemeat
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Mjr. Martin
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The fictional character of Operation Mincemeat
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What day was Mjr. Martins body found
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April 30 1943, with a letter from Archibald Nye to Harold Alexander.
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What day was Mjr. Martins body found
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April 30 1943, with a letter from Archibald Nye to Harold Alexander.
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Command structure in Africa?
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Eisenhower in overall command, General Harold Alexander under him.
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Command structure in Africa?
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Eisenhower in overall command, General Harold Alexander under him.
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Targets of false intelligence?
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Greece and Sardinia
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Targets of false intelligence in Operation Mincemeat
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Greece and Sardinia
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Invasion of North Africa
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Operation Torch summer 1942
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Mussolini didnt want German reinforcements,why?
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Felt it would give Germany a commanding position
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Mussolini would accept 3 armour divisions
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Hitler sent 5
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The major names in Allies Sicily
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Eisenhower-supreme commander
Alexander-Field commander Bernard Montgomery-8th army Patton -7th army |
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Name of invasion of Sicily
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Operation Husky
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German Field Marshal in Italy
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Kesselring
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Day of Operation Husky
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July 10 1943
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Major Objectives in Sicily
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Syracuse 1st, Palermo 2nd(Patton), Messina 3rd.
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Mt. Etna
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Volcano where Kesselring concentrated defenses in Sicily
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What day was Palermo captured
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July 22 1943
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Germans evacuated Messina on..
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August 11th 1943
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Patton reached Messina on..
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August 17th 1943
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Assault on Sicily resulted in
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Mussolini being dismissed
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Emmanuel III
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King of Italy
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Mussolini dismissed on
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July 26th 1943 by King Emmanuel III
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Who took over for Mussolini
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Pietro Badoglio, a staunch monarchist. Previous Italian supreme command 1925-1940.
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Mussolini rescued when and by who
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September 12 1943 by German commandoes under Otto Skorzeny.
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Americans didn't agree on invasion of Italian mainland until
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July 20th 1943, too late weeks needed to prepare.
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Italian surrender on
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September 3rd 1943, gave navy, merchant marine, air force. Agreed to fight Germany
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Invasion of Italy date for landings on Messine, Taranto and Salerno
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September 3 Messina (8th army)
September 9 Taranto (8th army) September 9 Salerno (5th army under Clark) |
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Montgomery relieved Salerno on
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September 16 1943
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Naples captured
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November 1st 1943
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Both world wars were considered
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major turning points in society
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Social changes of the war were
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a part of long term processes originating in peacetime society
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In USSR how many citizens called to arms?
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30 million
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Most dramatic social change of the war
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women in male dominated jobs
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Germany restrained from employing women due to
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ideological reasons and abundance of slave labor.
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Occupational changes were also accompanied by
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Huge levels of population mobility
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Apart from war related movements there were
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ethnic resettlements
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the Great unwashed
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refers to upper class fighting by lower class in war
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During ww2 the line between state and society changed, how?
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State powers adopted that were previously left to private groups or individuals.
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A crucial prerequisite of large scale mobilisation was
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expanding size and authority of bureaucracy
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War economy boards by country
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Ministry of Production- Britain
Armament Ministry- Speer, Germany War Production Board MoP, AM, WPB |
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Innovations of WW2
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Radar,sonar,jet engines, long range aircraft, nuclear weaponry, synthetic oil, rubber, penicillin, ddt
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exuberance of the state
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development of ideas that there should be extensive state involvment even in peacetime.
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Close links with business developed
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everywhere except the soviet union, corporist cooperation between civil servants and businessmen.
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Four year plan organization
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alongside speer ministry coopted with businessmen to run economy.
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result of full employment during total war
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labour had more power
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Auxiliary service law
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forced employers to recognize unions (1916)
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Consequence of governments becaming so involved
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they were liable for any material hardship
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Goals of welfare
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Make jobs attractive for women to work. Improve birthrate.
Daycare, Lunchtime meals, rent controls, maternity benefits, family income supplements. |
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What report had plans for future social policy?
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1942 Beveridge report layed down blueprint of welfare state.
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Beveridge report included
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child benefits, sickness/accident insurance-led to papers on national health services, full employment, national insurance/housing
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German plan resembling Beveridge report
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1940 German Labour Front
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Another source of change aside from demands
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Wars capacity to force people in taking sides
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the choice of 1914
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remain internationalism or forsake internationalism and support motherland by continental labour movement
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labour movement split
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patriotic majority, internationalist minority-institutionalized to socialists and communists.
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The Italian managing director who gave soviet constitutions to managers
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Agostina Rocca in August 1943
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in Britain/ France economically
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wages, living standards, public health greatly increased
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Dieppe, when and by who
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19 August 1942, Louis Mountbattent
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When did Dday planning begin
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June 1942 June 1944
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SHAEF
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Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force- June 1942
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Queen Mary
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Passenger Liner, carried 14000 Americans to Britain on each crossing
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Directive 51
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Rommel defend west coast
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Mastermind of Overlord
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Frederick Morgan
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Command structure of Dday
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Eisenhower -Snr. commander
Montgomery- ground commander Arthur Tedder- Air chief Bertrand Ramsey- Naval Commander |
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Dday beaches
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Utah Omaha-american
Gold Juno- british Sword- Canadian |
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Where did germans expect dday
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Pas-de-calais
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Allied air campaign in France began and ended when
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April 1, 1944 - June 5, 1944
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Dday set for
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June 5th happened June 6th 1944
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Day of the Invasion of Leyte
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October 20th 1944
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In American carrier raids on Luzon and Formosa which commanders faced each other?
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Admiral Halsey against Admiral Ozawa
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Invasion of Leyte, date and American names involved.
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Krueger, Halsey, Kinkaid began on October 20th capital captured October 23rd 1944 ended December 25 1944
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What Japanese commanders were involved in the Battle of Leyte Gulf?
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Admiral Toyoda planned, Ozawa decoyed, Kurita and Nishumura attacked.
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The Battle ofLeyte gulf lasted
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3 days October 23-26 1944
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kamikaze was devised where
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battle of leyte gulf
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kamikaze means
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divine wind
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Defender of Leyte
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Yamashita, Tiger of Malaya
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Why was Iwo Jima important
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Only 600 miles from Tokyo, mid-point for bombers in Marianas.
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Assault on Iwo Jima
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February 19, 1945
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Generals at Iwo jima
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General Harry Schmidt, General Kuribayashi
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Iwo Jima ended on
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March 23, 1945
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Two key islands eyed by Nimitz
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Iwo Jima, Okinawa
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Attack on Okinawa
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April 1, 1945
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Names at Okinawa
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Admiral Turner, General Buckner, Gneral Mitsura Ushijima.
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Day actual fighting began on Okinawa
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Apirl 9 1945
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Last stand on Okinawa
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May 31 1945
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Prominent dead at Okinawa
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Buckner, Ushijima, Ernie Pyle- pullitzer prize winning journalist
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Director of manhattan project
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Robert Oppenheimer
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Abomb built
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Los Alamos- 1943-1945
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Test of abomb
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July 16th 1945
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First City Abombed- Date, Plane, Pilots, Bomb name
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Hiroshima August 6th 1945- Enola Gay, Tibbets, Ferebee, Little Boy
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2nd Abomb dropped
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Nagasaki- August 9th 1945
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Pearl Harbor
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December 7th 1941
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Japanese Surrender
Adress Formal Surrender |
Hirohito
August 10th 1945 August 15th September 2nd 1945 |
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3 main points about the bomb
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guiding factor in posture
anticipated impact- critical monopoly brought policy shifts- cold war |
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Stalin promised to enter war against Japan
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August 15th 1945
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Carthaginian peace
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Romans leveled Carthage
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Hitler suicide
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April 30th 1945
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Ve Day
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May 8th 1945, West by Jodl, East by Keitel.
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Offensive to Berlin launched when and by who
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Marshall Zhukov and General Ivan Konev
January 12 1945 |
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Battle of Warsaw
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August 1- October 2 1944 Planned to be 2 days lasted 63.
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Warsaw Ghetto uprising
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April 19 1943-May 16th 1943
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Casablanca conference
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Jan 14-24 1943
Churchill Roosevelt Degaulle Invasion Italy, Invade France, Unconditional Axis surrender |
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Trident
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May 12-27 1943 Washington
Churchill, Roosevelt Invasion Italy, Pacific War, Increased bombing Germany |
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Where were Italy's surrender negotiations,when and who
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August 19 Lisbon, Bedell Smith, Castellano, September 3rd signed.
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Major points of sicily
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Cleared mediterranean, opened mainland, German fighting withdrawals, Mussolini falls
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Population Mobility- Examples of
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Evacuations, Bombing Raids, Front Lines, PoW, Ethnic Resettlements
EBFPER- EbPFer |
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Mobilizing Society
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Massive Occupational Mobility
Huge Retraining Programs |
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Modern Bureaucracies- Challenges
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Enlisting Army Reserves, Xporting soldiers, Balancing military against industry and agriculture
EXB EnlistingXportingBalancing |
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War and Welfare- Results
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WWI new measures in welfare, just distribution of resources, growing state responsibility, Organized labor gained power
JGO JustGrowingOrganically |
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Needs of the Family
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Encourage Women
Birthrate Daycare Meals Rent Control Maternity Benefits Income Supplements EBDMRMI EveryBoyDeservesMothersResponsiblyMakingIce |
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Trinity Site
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Place where bomb tested, Alamogordo Range, Leslie Groves Military head.
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Trinity tested at
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George McDonald ranch home
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Oppenheimer quote
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I am become death, the shatterer of worlds.
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The names of atomic bombs used
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Little Boy-Hiroshima
Fat Man- Nagasaki |
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Truman announced Jap surrender
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August 14 1945
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Formal Surrender of Japan took place where
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USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay September 2nd 1945
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Battle of Leyte Gulf
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Oct 23-26 1944
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Japanese naval commander at Leyte
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Soyomi Toyoda
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Unique Japanese strategy of Iwo Jima 3 reasons
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Entirely from underground
No Japanese survivors Each Jap for 10 Americans |
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Dates of Iwo Jima
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February 19 1945- begin
February 23- Reach summit of Suribachi March 23 1945- fighting ends |
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Iwo Jima had largest what
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Largest armada invasion up to that point
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Casualties of Okinawa
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2x Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima combined
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Commanders died at Okinawa
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Buckner, Ushijima
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