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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trade routes linked Europe, Africa, Asia and when running through there were intersections |
Why is Arabia called a "crossroad" |
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-Nomadic: traveled in deserts looking for food and water for animals. Stopped at oases where they could farm. -Sedentary: made homes near oases where they could farm |
Describe the nomadic way of life. Describe the sedentary way of life. |
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having food and water for animals |
what was most important for nomads |
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-protection from desert dangers -less competition for grazing land |
why was it important for to be a member of a tribe |
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-oases: provided water in the hot, dry desert centers for trade |
what areas were central to life in Arabia? why? |
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Islam |
Name the religion introduced by Muhammad |
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they threatened to kill him, he and his followers |
what happened when Mecca's rulers disapproved of Muhammad's teachings? |
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-Muhammad's departure from Mecca(means journey) -Muslims made this date in 622 start of (first year) in Islamic calender |
what is "hegira"? How is its importance shown? |
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Islam is monotheistic, other Arabs were practicing polytheism |
how was Muhammad's teachings different from the beliefs of other Arabs? |
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the Sunnah is based on the Hadith. It talks about Muhammad's words and actions. |
what is the Sunnah based in? |
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the holy book/ sacred text of Islam. It outlines guidelines for moral behaivor |
what is the Qur'an and what does it describe about God and Muhammad? |
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Allah |
Who do Muslims believe to be the one true God? |
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the jihad refers to the inner struggle Muslims go through in order to obey God. |
What refers to the inner struggle Muslims go through in order to obey God? |
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-statement of faith; there is no God but God, and Muhammad is his prophet -pray 5 times a day -yearly donation to poor and needy -fasting during the holy month of Ramadan -traveling to Mecca at least once on a hajj (Five Pillars) |
what are the five acts of worship required of all Muslims |
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a journey to a sacred place |
what is a pilgramage |
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the holy month: the Qur'an says Allah began his relevaltion to Muhammad during this month |
what is Ramadan |
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-fasting dawn to sunset -shows God is more important than ones own body -reminds that people in the world struggle for food |
what do Muslims do to show that Ramadan is important |
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Qur'an, Sunnah, and human reason form Shariah (Islamic law) |
what three things form the basis of Islamic law(Shariah) |
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blend of Islamic law(Shariah) and legal systems similar to those found in the west (USA, Great Britain) |
what legal systems are used in modern Mulsim society today |
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caliph |
what is the title given to the highest leaders in the Islam religion |
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acceptance, Mulsims came in contact with those of different beliefs, did not ban religions |
what is tolerance? how does it relate to the religion of Islam? |
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they argued about who should be caliph Sunni-most qualified Shia-only Muhammad's relatives |
what disagreement led to a split between Muslims? what groups were formed? |
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Ottoman-Turkey, Asia Minor, Antolia Mughal-India Safavid-Iran(modern day Persia) |
name the three empires that were formed as Islamic empires. where were they located? |
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the soldiers were called janissaries |
what were the soldiers trained by the Ottomans called? |
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Islam |
What was the main influence for Muslim art and architecture? |
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India and Greece |
Muslim advances in medicine combined new thought with knowledge from what two countries? |
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Improved astrolabe - (device used for navigation)Improved understanding of time Built better clocks |
Astronomy |
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Used stars to calculate position on earth and improve time and location capabilities (skills)Made more accurate mapsIbn Battutah traveled widely to Africa, India,China and Spain until in 1320s |
Geography |
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Combined Greek and Indian systemsDeveloped algebraHindu- Arabic Number system (0-9) we use this system today |
Math |
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System based on ancient Greek and Indian systemsFirst school of pharmacyMade hospitalsLearned how to treat major illnessesAvicenna recorded medical knowledge in an encyclopedia |
Medicine |
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Mosques to honor AllahDomes, arches, minarets, geometric patterns are common |
Architecture |
