History Of The Americas - Chapter 7

Front 1

What did the British falsely assume?

Back 1

British falsely assume the colonial rebellion was the work of a small group of disgruntled conspirators.

Front 2

What were the militias, how reliable were they?

Back 2

The militias were national guard units armed from local communities. They were undisciplined and unreliable.

Front 3

What were women called who traveled with armies?

Back 3

Camp followers.

Front 4

What roles did women play in the War for Independence?

Back 4

Women took up arms when needed, volunteered, spied, ran supplies and resources, provided water, ammunition, and acted as nurses and seamstresses.

Front 5

Who were the Loyalists, and how many colonists were Loyalists?

Back 5

Loyalists were loyal to the British Crown. One fifth of the population of the colonies had Loyalist ties.

Front 6

What types of people tended to be Loyalists?

Back 6

African Americans, Indians, ethnic minorities, tenant farmers, British colonial subjects, and the Anglican clergy.

Front 7

Who was the most infamous American supporter of the British cause, and why did he betray his American military post?

Back 7

Benedict Arnold. He believed he was receiving posts beneath what he deserved.

Front 8

What happened at the Battle of Trenton, and what new strategy did Washington adopt after the battle?

Back 8

The American forces defeated the Hessians posted at the fort. (The Germans were celebrating Christmas. 'Tis the season.) Washington adopted a defensive strategy to avoid confrontation and insure the survival of his army.

Front 9

What happened in battles in New York and New Jersey in the summer and fall of 1776?

Back 9

The British attempted to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. They marched north from N.Y. and south from Canada, pursuing Washington into N.J.

Front 10

What was significant about the battle of Saratoga?

Back 10

The Battle of Saratoga made the capture of Philidelphia no longer important and served as the turning point in the Revolution.

Front 11

What happened after the American victory at Saratoga?

Back 11

The French and Spanish entered into the Treaty of Alliance with America.

Front 12

What traditional enemies of Great Britain loaned the American money during 1777 and 1778?

Back 12

Spain and France.

Front 13

Who was George Rogers Clark?

Back 13

George Rogers Clark was an explorer who convinced the Native Americans to stay neutral in the war. He captured British forts at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.

Front 14

How long did the war in the trans-Appalachian West continue?

Back 14

Fighting continued for the next two decades.

Front 15

Where did the British shift their focus by the late 1770s?

Back 15

Shifted focus to the South.

Front 16

What did the British attempt to do after capturing Charleston?

Back 16

Attempted to gain control over the rural south by implementing a policy of pacification that failed.

Front 17

What was the British policy in the South?

Back 17

Policy of pacification.

Front 18

Who was Nathaniel Greene?

Back 18

American soldier who harassed the British forces and forced them to march to Yorktown where they surrendered.

Front 19

Where did the British surrender and why?

Back 19

Yorktown because they were trapped by American forces.

Front 20

Who made up the Etheopean Corps?

Back 20

Former slaves who fought for either side.

Front 21

Which side did African Americans fight for during the Revolutionary War?

Back 21

Both sides.

Front 22

What was the first written constitution of the United States?

Back 22

The Articles of Confederation.

Front 23

What authority did Congress have under the Articles of Confederation?

Back 23

Congress had the right to conduct foreign affairs, peace, maintain armed forces, and regulate money, but lacked the authority to tax citizens directly.

Front 24

Why did Maryland hold up ratification for three years?

Back 24

In order to make the eight states with western land claims cede them to the national government.

Front 25

Who was Robert Morris?

Back 25

Secretary of Finance who persuaded the government to charter the bank of North America - the first private commercial bank in the United States.

Front 26

Why was the United States threatened with bankruptcy in 1781?

Back 26

The national government depended on the states for revenue and the states refused to raise taxes because that was what originally started the Revolution.

Front 27

To what does the term "not worth a continental" refer?

Back 27

Paper money became worthless during the revolution.

Front 28

Who were the members of the American peace commission?

Back 28

Ben Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams.

Front 29

Why did those commissioners violate their instructions from Congress?

Back 29

They were made aware that Comte de Vergennes wanted to suppress American power. They signed a preliminary treaty with Britain without French knowledge.

Front 30

What was the Newburgh conspiracy?

Back 30

Continental officers demanded life pensions at half pay but were denied. In January, 1783 officers wanted bonuses equal to five years pay.

Front 31

What problems did the U.S. experience in the trans-Appalachian West following the American Revolution?

Back 31

Land losses for several Indian tribes (resulting in violence), tens of thousands of Americans rushing into the newly acquired Ohio River Valley, and British and Spanish governments plotting to woo settlers.

Front 32

What legislation provided for the survey and sale of western lands?

Back 32

The Land Ordinance of 1785.

Front 33

What legislation provided for the organization and government of the territory north of the Ohio River?

Back 33

Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

Front 34

Who was the first governor of the Northwest Territory, and what other position did he hold?

Back 34

Arthur St. Clair. He was also the president of the Ohio Land Company, involved in land developing, which provided a conflict of interests.

Front 35

What had been the traditional Tory and Whig positions in British politics?

Back 35

Tory position=colonial government that served the king's pleasure.
Whig position=emphasis on need for government with balance of power for the governor, upper house, and assembly.

Front 36

What was the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and who wrote it?

Back 36

A document that provided the model for other state guarantees of such rights as freedom of speech, religion, an the press. George Mason wrote it.

Front 37

Who was the most famous African American writer of the late eighteenth century?

Back 37

Phyllis Wheatley.

Front 38

What effect did revolutionary idealism have on African Americans?

Back 38

It enabled them to realize the contradiction between a revolution for liberty and the continued support for slavery. A free African American community emerged with racially defined churches, schools, and other institutions.

Front 39

What African American was one of the most accomplished mathematicians and astronomers of late eighteenth-century America?

Back 39

Benjamin Banneker.