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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is zeitgeist?
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the spirit of mechanism
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what is the belief of mechanism?
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the entire universe as a great machine
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according to mechanism, how is the physical world?
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the physical world is like a clock, smooth predictable and orderly
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what is the "mother of machines"?
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the clock
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what is determinism?
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the doctrine that acts are dtermined by past events
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what is reductionism?
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the doctrine that explains phenomena on one level in terms of phenomena on another level
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what is automata?
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machines capable of performing feats with precision and regularity
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what do mirror neurons do for us?
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seeing and doing are the same
when we see something done, these neurons fire the same way as if they were doing it themselves |
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why is story telling good in society?
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an intergrative activity
allows individuals to practice alternative assimilates complex emotional understandning makes sense of experiences by consolidating understand into a picture of the self in the world creates a sense of belonging in communities fosters an autobiographical narrative |
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as human beings how are we always seperating people?
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we separate people into who is like us and who is different from us
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who was Franz Mesmer?
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a guy who used magnets to cure various ailments based on something Newton said
Did many group healing around Europe, but it was later found that it wasn't the magnets that were helping people, just the susceptibility to suggestion |
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Who came up with Phrenology?
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Francis Gall
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what did Gall discover about the brain that helps us understand the difference between our brains and animals?
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Gall found that more grey matter (humans have a lot) means more intelligence
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what was cranioscopy?
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it was a technique of mapping out the bumps on the skill to determine personality,
Gall thought the brain would pertrude in certain areas based on your personality chracteristics |
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even though it was incorrect how did Psysiognomy (Phrenology) help psychology?
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led to first exerperimental studies of the localization of brain functions
example: Flourens, Broca, Wernicke |
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what did Bessel discover when investigating David K's errors?
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Bessel found there is no "personal Equation"
there are differences among people that they have no control over |
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what did Muller find about neurons?
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neurons carry specific types of info to specific parts of the brain
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what did Ramon Y Cajal discover?
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discovered the direction of travel for nerve impulses
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what did Luigi Galvani discover about nerves?
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they are electrical
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why did psychology begin in Germany?
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Germans welcomed the study of Biology and we allowed to study it in universities when other nations wouldn't allow it
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what did Herman Helmholtz do?
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emphasized mechanism and determinism
found that the speed of a neural impulse is about 90 ft per second investigated external eye muscles and the mechanism that focuses the lens |
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what did Ernst Weber do?
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researched the physiology of the sense organs, (two-point thresholds, JND)
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What did Gustav Fechner do?
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became blind after "studying" the sun
regained eyesight and decided to honor god by studying the processes that govern mental processes introduced the "pleasure principle" |
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what is absolute threshold
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a point of sensitivity that stimulus cannot be detected either below or above
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what is the differential threshold?
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the amount of change in stimulus required for someone to notice a difference in the stimulus
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what is psychophysics?
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the scientific study of the realtions between mental and physical processes
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when was psychology formally founded?
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mid 19th century
techniques developed apparatuses designed books/literature written widespread interest aroused |
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who is Wilhem Wundt?
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the father of modern psychology
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what makes us call Wundt the father of psyche?
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established the first laboratory
edited the first journal began experimental psychology as a scientist investigated the foundations of psychology like: sensation and perception, attn, feeling, reaction and association |
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what did Wundt believe we couldn't study?
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learning
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what was Wundts biggest contribution to psychology?
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Wundt "sold" psychology as a science
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what is voluntarism?
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the idea that the mind has the capacity to organize mental contents into high-level thought
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what does Mediate experiences mean?
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information about something outside the elements of experience
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what is introspection?
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method of observation used to examine the conscious experience
examining of ones own mind to inspect and report on personal thoughts or feelings |
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why did Wundts work in psychology fizzle out?
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He didn't practice many things that had real life applications
he had very controversial political beliefs |
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what were some influential themes on the direction of psychology?
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charles Darwins theory of evolution
francis Galtons theory of individual differences |
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what did Herman Ebbinghaus do?
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investigated learning and memory
successfully experimented oin high mental processes |
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how did Ebbinghaus experiment on learning?
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Ebbinghaus began with the initial formation of associations
everyone else was trying to study learning backwards |
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what are nonsense syllables?
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syllable presented in a meaningless series to study memory processes
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Who did Ebbinghaus experiment with nonsense syllables on?
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himself
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what was Franz Brentano's theory on psychology?
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he believed that psychology should focus on mental activities rather than mental contents
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what did Carl Stumpf do?
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contributed to the psychological study of music
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What was Oswald Kulpes biggest difference from Wundt?
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Kulpe believed that thought processes oul be studied experimentall
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