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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What instrument did Fletcher Henderson play and what did he do?
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Piano & big band leader
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What was Fletcher Henderson famous for?
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"the man most responsible for shaping the sound of big-band swing
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Whose arrangements did Benny Goodman use to make swing popular?
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Fletcher Henderson
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What instrument did Benny Goodman play?
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Clarinet
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What was Benny Goodman's nickname?
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King of Swing
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Why is Benny Goodman famous?
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he was the leader of the very first swing-era big band to become popular
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What is Goodman famous for besides big band?
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small group recordings
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What giant steps did Benny Goodman take for music?
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Racial equality; he was not afraid to hire black musicians; he didn't care about race, only talent
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What instrument did Glenn Miller play?
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trombone
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Why was Glenn Miller popular?
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He was the leader of the most popular band of the era
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What was special about Glenn Miller's band?
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they could play swing AND sweet; something to please everyone
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What instrument did Duke Ellington play?
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Piano
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What was special about Ellington's style?
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he was a "painter" with sound; he could blend the colors and timbres of different instruments to make new sounds
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What were Ellington's arrangements known for besides their unique sounds?
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pacing and structure; "exchange rhythm" kept the piece driing towards the end (start slow, speed up)
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What did a minstrel show do?
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Portrayed African-American stereotypes in a comedic fashion
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Who performed in a minstrel show?
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young, working class whites from the north painted their faces black and acted out their interpretation of southern African-Americans (black face performers) (usually exaggerated and very degrading)
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What two characters were popular in the minstrel show?
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Zip Coon, the city slicker and Jim Crow, the country bumpkin
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WHat two dances were popular in the mistrel show?
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jumping Jim Crow - modeled after an african american street performer
Cakewalk - represented a dancing contest where slaves competed for cake |
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What instruments were used in the minstrel show/
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fiddle, banjo, tambourine, bones (to represent "African" music
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2. Why do early country music recordings provide us with indirect evidence about the sound of folk and country music of the previous century?
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-Evolves
-oral tradition -isolation |
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Why was "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" high brow?
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-mostly played by middle and upper class
- learned by sheet music -required some sort of education or training to play -uses proper English -More sophisticated sound |
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Why was Old Joe Clark low brow?
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- traditional song
- passed by oral tradition -uneducated/untrained -not proper english, but everyday language |
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Why was "De Boatmans Dance" inaccurate?
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-performed by blackface performers
- uses instruments but slaves couldnt have them -lyrics - "udder", "den" |
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Why were spirituals accurate?
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- performers had first hand experience
- no instruments - accurate lyrics |
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What three types of stage entertainment developed out of the minstrel show?
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Vaudeville, musical comedies, revue
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What is vaudeville?
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A variety show, many different unrelated acts
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What are musical comedies?
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Uses a plot to relate songs but doesnt tell a story
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What is revue?
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contain comedy, song, and dance; have a plot that would be made to contain a currently popular song (interpolation)
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Where and when did the blues develop?
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began in bars and bordellos in the late 1800s
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How did blues proliferate and spread into American mainstream culture?
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As blacks began moving to the city, it began to be played in public performances;
the performance of blues on the vaudeville circuits and in tent shows helped it enter the mainstream race records also helped blues become popular |
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Who were some of the leading figures in early blues music?
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- Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith - two of the first blues singers
- W.C. Handy - father of the blues (composer) - Blind Lemon Jefferson, Robert Johnson - country blues |
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Where was the blues performed in the Mississippi delta?
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in the fields and on the railroad
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What social conditions were in place in the Mississippi delta to promote and perpetuate the performance of the blues?
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slavery/sharecropping
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What are the components of the front line in New Orleans style jazz?
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clarinet, cornet, trombone
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What was the clarinet's job in dixieland?
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upper range- usually plays the countermelody with fast moving notes
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What is the cornet's job in dixieland?
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Main melody, mid range
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What is the trombone's job in dixieland?
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Low range, "commentary" on what the cornet and clarinet are playing
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What four technological advances changed popular music's accessibility to the general public in the 1920s?
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- Radio
- Microphones and amplifiers - Electric recording - talking films |
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How did the radio make music more accessible?
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allowed audience to listen to professional musicians from home
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How did microphones and amplifiers make music more accessible?
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provided for a better listening experience and better sound quality
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How did electric recording make music more accessible?
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singers with a small voice could record, electric instruments could be used (more sounds)
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How did talking films make music more accessible?
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people were introduced to new music on the big screen as well
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What seven changes occured during the 1920s, especially as a result of the interaction between black music and white popular music and the integration of technology?
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- songs were for singing AND dancing
- syncopated dance orchestras (full rhythm section and saxophone) -foxtrot beat (first African American rhythm to be widely used in popular music) - new instrumental styles (mutes, vibrato) - conversational lyrics - chorus-oriented form (less focus on the verse) (AABA) (A's are all choruses) |
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What did the syncopated dance orchestras have that most orchestras didn't?
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Full rhythm section, saxophone
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What was significant about the foxtrot beat that was used during the 1920s?
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it was the first African American rhythm to be widely used in popular music
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What was special about Billie Holiday?
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- she made her songs feel deeply personal
- the focus isn't on the lyrics, but the way she sings them - she doesn't try to make her voice sound pretty, but focuses on conveying her emotions - she was one of the first singers to effectively use son interpretation to project her own feelings and experiences to her listeners |
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What was special about Duke Ellington's sound?
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- he was a "painter" (mixes sounds)
- each musician had a unique sound - |
