History Of New York Midterm Flash Cards

Front 1

Adriaen Van der Donck

Back 1

Landowner and namesake of yonkers,

Promoted immigration to colony,

Central figure of Shorto's Island,

Campaigned for local government and protested Peter as part of advisory board

Front 2

Peter Stuyvesant

Back 2

Dutch director general of New Netherlands,

expanded island beyond tip of manhattan,

surrendered city to english,

build several city projects wall street, canal, broadway

Front 3

Alexander Hamilton

Back 3

Elected to new york congress but resigned to practice law, founded bank of new york,

hated aaron burr who eventually killed him in a duel

Front 4

DeWitt Clinton

Back 4

Served as governor of new york, responsible for building of eerie canal, believed in infrastructure improvements

Front 5

Frederick Law Olmstead

Back 5

Father of american landscape architecture, designed and pushed for Central Park, wanted publicly accessible municipal parks

Front 6

Lydia Maria Child

Back 6

American abolitionist, women's rights activist

???New York???

Front 7

Walt Whitman

Back 7

Much of his writing career in NYC, wrote and edited for a couple of publications

???NY???

Front 8

Erie Canal

Back 8

Canal connecting hudson (at Albany) to Buffalo NY at lake erie

Front 9

Black Maria

Back 9

Early police van used to round up lawbreakers, including prostitutes

Front 10

Washington Roebling

Back 10

American civil engineer who worked on building the brooklyn bridge, which his father designed. Fought in american civil war

Front 11

Wampum

Back 11

Shell beads of eastern woodlands tribes of north america

Front 12

Battle of Brooklyn Heights

Back 12

Defeat of continental army under Washington by the british, first major battle after declaration of independence; washington flanked, barely able to retreat with army

Front 13

Prison Ships

Back 13

Ships that british kept prisoners on during revolutionary war, terrible conditions and many died aboard

Front 14

African Burial Grounds

Back 14

1690's to 1794, free and enslaved africans buried in 6.6 acre burial ground in lower manhattan, now a park/monument

Front 15

Metropolitan Board of Health

Back 15

Board of health established in NYC to help fight off cholera outbreaks, first modern municipal health authority in 1866

Front 16

Tammany Hall

Back 16

Political organization, democratic part political machine that controlled nyc elections until ~1930's, helped immigrants (especially irish) gain political traction

Front 17

William M. Tweed

Back 17

Boss of "Tammany Hall," had a lot of influence in the city as an appointer member of a bunch of different boards including railroads, banks, etc. eventually convicted on corruption charges

Front 18

Bowery Girls

Back 18

Bowery factory girl portrayed as asserting her claim on the social fabric and scene of nyc, written about in City of Women as mischievous, energetic

Front 19

Leisler’s Rebellion

Back 19

Jacob Leisler seized control of new york colony's south and ruled it for two years before royal authority restored in 1691

Front 20

Great Negro Plot of 1741

Back 20

Supposed plot by slaves and poor whites to level new york with fires, largely based on testimony of a young irish indentured servant, led to over 100 executions or exiles

Front 21

Triangle Shirt Waist Company

Back 21

146 garment workers died when a building caught on fire and workers were unable to escape because they were locked in, supposedly led to working condition reform

Front 22

Draft Riots

Back 22

Violent disturbances in nyc where working class protested laws to draft for civil war, largest civil and racial insurrection in history, turned into a race riot with irish attacking and killing blacks

Front 23

Flushing Remonstrance

Back 23

1657 petition to Stuyvesant in which citizens requested an exemption to his ban on quaker worship,

Front 24

Five Points

Back 24

Slid from middle-class homes built to sprawling disease ridden slum, wastewater from buisnesses along pond made water contaminated, eventually filled in with poorly engineered landfill

Front 25

Irish Immigration

Back 25

Poor living conditions in Ireland in 1820's and in potato famine led to influx of immigrants to nyc, ended up in crowded and subdivided homes. faced persecution

Front 26

Cholera Outbreaks

Back 26

Three large cholera outbreaks in nyc, only third was well handled (1866) led to reform of public health

Front 27

Potter’s Field

Back 27

Common grave for burial of unknown or impoverished persons

Front 28

Emma Lazarus

Back 28

American poet in NYC, wrote a sonnet "The New Colossus" which is one a bronze plaque at the base of the statue of liberty

Front 29

Coney Island

Back 29

Iconic place of recreation for NYC; peaks in early 1900's, everything available for a nickel, easily accessible for everyone

Front 30

Henry Hudson

Back 30

Tried to find northwest passage, instead found hudson river, found shelter of bay in New York, identified it as a perfect harbor to his dutch employers

Front 31

General Slocum Disaster

Back 31

1904, passenger fair carrying a bunch of churchgoers, predominantly women and children, caught fire. Many died, company got away mostly unpunished

Front 32

Black Ball Line

Back 32

Black ball line was initially a series of four packet ships, quaker owned, running service in between liverpool, london and nyc,

???Regular service???

Front 33

Streetcar/Trolley car

Back 33

Form of public transit, made it easier for people to live away from where they worked, middle class moved out along streetcar and trolley lines

Front 34

Tompkins Square Riot of 1874

Back 34

Thousands of unemployed in east village demonstrated, wanted government to help ease depression, put down by police. Led to reform about laws governing protesting

Front 35

Dumb-bell tenements

Back 35

Tenements build to conform to a law requiring a window to open air be available in every inhabitable room

Front 36

George E. Waring, Jr.

Back 36

Agricultural and drainage and sanitation engineer, was in charge of drainage for construction of central park, eventually became (1894) street commissioner of NYC

Front 37

Lenape

Back 37

Native american tribe that the original dutch settlers traded with, place names like manhattan were adopted by dutch and english

Front 38

Family wage economy

Back 38

Wage standards meant to be enough to support a family, reinforces traditional family values

Front 39

Jacob Astor

Back 39

Buisnessman, real estate person, inventor, built the Astoria hotel and member of Astor family

Front 40

Commissioner’s Plan of 1811

Back 40

Original plan for NYC urban layout, puts manhattan above 14th street into a grid formation. Central park not a part of it because wasn't conceived of until 1853

Front 41

Robert Fulton

Back 41

Built first commercial steamboat, carried passenders from NYC to Albany in 32 hours, was a member of the erie canal commission

Front 42

Greenwood Cemetery

Back 42

Originally built as a rural cemetery, now a big prestigious cemetery

Front 43

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 43

Jewish, newspaper publisher, introduced the technique of new journalism (also yellow journalism), leading figure in democratic party, elected congressman, crusaded against big business and corruption and helped keep statue of liberty in NY

Front 44

Horace Greeley

Back 44

Was an american newspaper editor, abolitionist. Founded new york tribune, used to promote whig and republican parties

Front 45

William Cullen Bryant

Back 45

Romantic poet, journalist, editor and chief for new york eventing post, was an early supporter of organized labor, critic of slavery, defender of minorities and immigrants

Front 46

Horatio Alger

Back 46

Prolific author, wrote about impoverished boys finding success, his novel explores rags to riches narrative. Generally bravery and honesty bring boy to attention of wealthy gentlemen, focused on poor in NYC