History Of Medicine Spring 2010

Front 1

The only surviving copy of pary of an ancient egyptian text on trauma surgery. Translated in 1930 and describes 48 diseases, it is among the earliest surviving examples of medical literature.

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Edwin Smith Papyrus

Front 2

Medicine has been practiced since:

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3500 BCE

Front 3

The Persian Empire Ruled which years?

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550-490 BCE

Front 4

Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius, and Xerxes were a part of which empire?

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Persian

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Greek Goddess of Health

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Hygea

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The ancient greek god of medicine and healing- daughter was hygea, has a single snake entwined staff:

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Asclepius

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This symbol of Mercury is often confused with the Rod of Asclepius in N. America as a symbol of healing:

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Caduceus

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Ancient Greek Physician known as the Western father of medicine, established a school of medicine revolutionizing ancient greece and establishing medicine as a profession.

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Hippocrates

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Greek king of Mecedon, lived 356-323 BCE, tutored by Aristotle, and created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

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Alexander the Great

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Prominent Greek physician and accomplished medical researcher whose theories dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than a thousand years:

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Galen (of Pergamon)

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This ancient Roman physician (Greek Origin) performed experiements such as sewing a bag to the chest wall to see how the lungs work and ligating the ureters to see where urine comes from:

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Galen

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This man established that the blood circulates while the heart acts as a pump in 1628:

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William Harvey

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The examination of remains to see the effects of diease states:

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Paleopathology

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Fugitive of Mecca whose flight marks the start of Islam:

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Mohammed

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This empire exists from 622-732

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Islamic Empire

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This man is best remembered for winning the Battle of Tours in which he defeted the invading muslim army and halted northward Islamic expansion in western Europe:

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Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)

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Age of great sharing and cross pollination of ideas, responsible for the preservation of Greek knowledge , algebra, chemistry, numbers and paper:

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Golden Age of Islamic Medicine

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This man lived from 980-1037, was the leading wise man in the east, wrote the Cannon of Medicine which covers physiology, contagious disease, STDs, and quarantine. Developed rules of pharmacology (purity, specificity, dosage, etc).

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Avicenna

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This Persian physician lived from 865-925 and is known for his work in chemistry, pediatrics, opthamology, etc. He was the first to make the distinction between smallpox and measles and is considered maybe the best clinician of all time- known as the father of pediatrics:

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Rhazes

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Wrote the book De Motu Cordis:

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William Harvey

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This famous physician was born in 1578 to a wealthy family, educated at Padua School of Medicine and was the physician to King Charles I:

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William Harvey

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His elucidation of circulation was the result of methodical work, research and observation:

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William Harvey

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His discovery represented the first time quantitative evidence had been used in physiology:

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William Harvey- measured the amount of blood and determined that it was not absorbed but circulated.

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This physcian's two main contributions to medicine are circulation and scientific method:

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William Harvey

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The most famous and devastating epidemic in history that destroyed 30-45% of the population in Europe from 1347-1352

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The Black Death

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The Golden Age of Islam was which centuries?

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10th and 11th

Front 27

Which famous physician was the first to develop rules of pharmacology?

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Avicenna

Front 28

Who is responsible for the idea of a pediatric textbook?

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Rhazes

Front 29

This book published in 1628 contained two parts: the first part concerned the heart beat and pulse, the second concerned the circulation:

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De Motu Cordis

Front 30

The Black Death originated in which area?

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Came out of Asia, possibly from rodent population

Front 31

Who was the first physician to open an obstetrical practice in the 18th century?

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Dr. William Shippen

Front 32

First Woman to apply to Harvard medical school (1847) and is rejected:

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Harriet Hunt

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First woman to earn a US medical degree (1849):

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Elizabeth Blackwell

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Name given to the 4 daughters of trustees that donated money to JH when investments failed:

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Baltimore 4: Thomas, Garrett, Gwinn, and King

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This famous physician is credited with treating CO poisoning with blood transfusion, devised a hernia repair surgery, responsible for radical mastectomy, and use of rubber gloves:

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William Halstead

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This famous physician introduced the patient chart, was good friends with William Welch, performed the first gallbladder surgeries in the US, and was addicted to cocaine:

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Halsted

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Is credited with the first surgical residency program at Johns Hopkins:

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Halsted

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Known as the father of neurosurgery:

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Harvey Cushings

Front 39

Lister used this substance to keep surgical wounds from getting infected:

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Carbolic Acid

Front 40

This war was responsible for convincing many people of the power of antisepsis:

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Franco-Prussian War

Front 41

This man developed a catgut dissovable suture:

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Lister

Front 42

This physician successfully removed a cyst from the head of king George IV and was knighted for it:

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Astley Cooper

Front 43

This caused a disease known as Erysipelas or St. Anthony's Fire

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Streptococci

Front 44

Wrote an article titled 'Hospitalism' citing that more amputees died in hospitals and this led to the closing of some disreputable hospitals:

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James Simpson

Front 45

This famous physician was born to a family of quakers, married the daugher of James Syme and became the assistant surgeon at Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh:

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Lister

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This man discovered that germs do not arise de novo but from invading pathogens:

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Pasteur

Front 47

What two uses of carbolic acid led lister to believe it could be used for prevention of wound infection?

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1. destroying the smell of city garbage
2. Treating water to kill pathogens that infected the cows

Front 48

This man was the first Chair of Surgery at Johns Hopkins:

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Halsted

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The fact that English became the scientific language of choice in medicine is credited to this man:

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William Osler

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This physician is famous for developing a new method of training surgeons that did not require years as an assistant professor:

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WS Halsted

Front 51

This famous physician is credited with developing the modern residency program, the hernia operation, radical mastectomy and instituted the practice of wearing gloves:

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WS Halsted

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This man wrote 'The American College' in 1908 the advancement of medical schools

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Abraham Flexner

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Wrote 'Medical Education in United States and Canada' which was a critique of edicational methods at medical schools-revealed that many medical schools had apalling standards- led to

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Abraham Flexner

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This man gave money to Flexner for medical school reform that led to changes in how medical schools were viewed, making them beneficiaries of a lot of money:

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Rockfeller

Front 55

These two physicians performed the first Blue Baby operation:

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Hellen Taussig and Alfred Blalock

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This physician recognized the changes (dusky color, blue appearance with exertion, shortness of breath) and connected it to a hole in the intraventricular septum and stenosis of the pulmoary artery:

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Eduard Sandifort

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This professor of anatomical pathology at Marseilles described the blue baby syndrome as having 4 characteristics:

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Etiene Louis Fallot (Tetrology of Fallot)

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Canadian Female Physician that convinced Osler to use McGill University for his research:

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Maude Abbott

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This female Physician did significant work with pediatric heart abnormalities and relied heavily on physical examination to determine pathology:

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Helen Taussig

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This physician realized that a patent ductus arteriosus was beneficial in patients with tetrology of Fallot and developed a fake patent ductus:

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Helen Taussig

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This man was the African American Assistant to Alfred Blalock.

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Vivian Thomas

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This famous physician is known as the founder of pediatric cardiology, wrote 'Congenital Malformations of the Heart' (1947) and worked to successfully ban the use of Thalidomide:

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Helen Taussig

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This man perfected the method for Blalock-Taussig ductus arteriosus shunt to help blue babies:

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Vivan Thomas

Front 64

This artificial patent ductus arteriosus creates an anatomosis that diverts blood from the subclavian to the pulmonary artery

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Blalock-Taussig Shunt

Front 65

This famous female physician and feminist testified in favor of abortion laws:

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Helen Taussig

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A famous physician in Alexandria, known as one of the founders of anatomy, successfully described nerves as the means of sensation, named the duodeum

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Herophilus

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This Greek physician lived from 335-280 BC and worked in Alexandria, is credited as the first to perform scientific dissections on human cadavers:

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Herophilos

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These two physicans are credited with founding the great Medical School of Alexandria

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Herophilos and Erasistratus

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This physician is deemed to be the first anatomist

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Herophilus

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This Greek physican lived from 304-250BC, was born to a family of doctors, strong believer in prophylaxis, wrote two books on hygiene, and taught that there were three conduits (arteries, veins, and nerves)

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Erasistratus

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This man is credited with the first description of the valves of the heart and for realizing that the heart was not the center of sensation:

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Erasistratus

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This Persian physcian cured the prince of colic and was named advisor to the king

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Avicenna

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This Venetian physician (1478‑March 17, 1553) is described as one of the first epidemiologists , gave syphilus its name, and gave the first description of Typhus:

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Girolamo Fracastoro

Front 74

This man published De contagionibus in 1546: It discussed contagious maladies and their treatment

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Fracastoro

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This man is recognized as the Father of modern Pathological Anatomy:

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Morgagni

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This man wrote a book in 1761 that revolutionized the field of medicine because it concluded that illness was localized to a given place and/or set of organs

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Morgagni

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This English surgeon discovered the smallpox vaccination:

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Edward Jenner

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This man is recognized as the father of immunology:

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Edward Jenner

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This physician published the book 'An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae vaccine'

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Edward Jenner

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This physcian noticed the similarities between cowpox and smallpox and the resistance to smallpox that cowpox conveyed:

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Edward Jenner

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This physcian (1728-1793) was a successful surgeon who advanced the use of operative surgery:

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John Hunter

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This man is primarily responsible for the expansion of surgical observation and experiments in general medicine:

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Hunter

Front 83

This man wrote 'A Treastise on the Blood, Inflammation, and Gunshot Wounds'

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J Hunter

Front 84

This physcian recognized the healing ability of inflammation and that it was not a disease but a response to pathology:

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John Hunter

Front 85

This man is famous for discovering the link between puerperal fever (childbed fever) and cadaver dissection:

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Semmelweis

Front 86

This physician is famous for making the connection between pasteur's work on microbes and wound infection:

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Joseph Lister

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This physician developed the techniquie of occlusive dressing:

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Joseph Lister

Front 88

This man published De Humani Corporis Fabrica in 1543

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Andreas Vesalius

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This man is credited with disproving much of what Galen wrote about human anatomy:

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Vesalius

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This man identified over 200 errors in Galenic text and teachings

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Vesalius

Front 91

This man wrote de Fabrica in 1543

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Vesalius

Front 92

This is considered the first and greatest of America's contributions to medicine:

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The invention of anesthesia

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On October 16, 1846 this man demonstrated the effectiveness of ether at Mass Gen Hospital

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William Thomas Green Morton

Front 94

The name given to ancient poppy-induced sleep and later used by Morton to hide the chemical composition of ether

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Letheon

Front 95

Traditional credit for the term anesthesia is given to this man when he used it to refer to Morton's invention

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Oliver Wendell Holmes

Front 96

This was the most popular method of anesthesia in the middle ages

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soporific sponge

Front 97

This man described animal magnetism and mesmeism as a basis for painless surgery

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Anton Mesmer

Front 98

This man used nitric oxide and ether to remove cysts and amputate a toe but did not publish his findings

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Crawford Williamson Long

Front 99

This man was a dentist who used Nitric Oxide on his patients for pulling teeth

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Horace Wells

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This man was a dentist who attempted a display of the use of nitric oxide at Mass Gen Hospital that went badly, humiliated him, and eventually resulted in his decline

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Horace Wells

Front 101

This man was a french surgeon famous for his work on the battlefield, introduced cauterization and ligature of arteries, and proved that gunshop wounds were not poisoned with gunpowder:

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Ambroise Pare

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Who founded the APA?

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Benjamin Rush

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Who administered anesthesia to Queen Victoria in 1853?

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John Snow

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First US patient to receive a dose of insulin:

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Jim Havens

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Banting, Best, Collip and McLeod worked with what?

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Insulin and pancreas secretions

Front 106

This man identified little heaps of cells in the pancrease:

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Langerhans

Front 107

This man established that islet cell destruction leads to diabetes:

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Eugene Opie

Front 108

This man was a well-recognized professor of physiology that suggested in 1913 that pancreatic secretion might never be isolated:

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Macleod