Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gutenberg press
|
In 1436, Johanes Gutenberg made the first printing press capable of producing mass pages of text by combing the mechanisms of the screw press and adding a movable type head. Gutenberg’s printing press greatly impacted the world because he expanded literacy and learning. Before the printing press many people wrote their information by hand which was a slow and painstaking process that took months or even years and led to many mistakes. But with the printing press, more people can access information easier and now everyone can read it.
|
|
|
Publick Occurrences; The Boston News-Letter
|
The Boston News-Letter was the first handwritten newspaper in the American colonies, first printed on September 25, 1690, mainly about things that events that happened in America and internationally. It was the first newspaper in the colonies and it started the newspaper business.
|
|
|
New York Sun, “penny press”
|
Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper, famous for costing one cent while other newspapers cost around 6 cents. Penny press papers were revolutionary in making the news accessible to middle class citizens for a reasonable price and has now led to the cheaper printing of today’s paper.
|
|
|
Thomas Edison
|
Thomas Edison was an American inventor, who invented and developed many devices that impacted the world greatly. Thomas Edison affected journalism today because he created the motion picture camera, which was a very important invention that allows the sharing of information through video. This invention has aided journalists to show accurate news from videos and pictures, things you can visually see. He also developed the phonograph, which allowed for records to be played, allowing for more opportunities to record information in the form of records.
|
|
|
Philo Farnsworth
|
Philo Farnsworth, born in Beaver, Utah, was a 20th-century inventor and television pioneer that was the first person to transmit a television image, developed the dissector tube for the television, and also generated over 165 different devices like an electrical scanner. Philo Farnsworth affects journalism today in a sense that as prominent as the Internet is now, the television is still very extensive in reaching out to the public in order to broadcast the news. Without Farnsworth’s invention of the dissector tube that aids in representing the visual image on the screen, the television may have potentially never existed and therefore, neither would news channels which are a vital outlet in presenting journalism.
|
|
|
Associated Press
|
Associated Press began in 1846, when four New York City daily newspapers joined a cooperative venture to provide news of the Mexican-American War. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries. AP collects information and quotes from different situations and sends it to subscribing news organizations so they can use some of the information collected for their stories. Associated Press affects journalism today because it provides news worldwide and gives news organizations information to be able to write stories with more ease.
|
|
|
“Yellow Journalism”; Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
|
Yellow Journalism, a type of journalism based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration was published by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst in late 19th century New York because they wanted to boost the sales of New York journals. This event affects journalism today because it allows companies to boost their sales. However Yellow Journalism feeds confusions and lies to society because they provide little factual information using only exaggeration techniques, etc. Joseph Pulitzer along with Columbia University Graduate School funded the Pulitzer Prize to give as the highest honor nationally in print/online journalism, literature, and music composition. On March 4, 1887, William Randolph Hearst listed his name on the masthead of the San Francisco Examiner as “proprietor.” W.R. Hearst bought the most advanced printing equipment and hired the best journalists. By the 1920s Hearst had distributed 28 newspapers nationwide. The Hearst Corporation founded by W.R. Hearst located in New York makes $2 to $5 billion annually. Hearst is one of the nation’s most diversified companies with over 360 business in more than 150 countries.
|
|
|
Muckraking; Adolph Ochs and The New York Times
|
Adolph Ochs was the former owner of The New York Times and The Chattanooga Times. Muckraking in the Progressive Era was to expose suspicious activities in certain industries. Ochs motto during this time was that “All News That’s Fit to Print”, which still show up on the masterhead of the newspaper today. This happened during the Progressive Era in America. Muckraking was used to expose the activities in different industries of the time. Muckraking was exemplified and by The New York Times under Adolph Ochs which turned away from sensationalism and reported facts with the intention of being impartial and a newspaper of record. Muckraking today is used to expose and undermine famous and well-known people in the media from scandals to rumours that most likely aren’t true.
|
|
|
Time magazine, Henry Luce
|
Henry Luce was an American journalist who worked with various magazine companies across the northeast from 1923 to 1964 and created Time magazine which became popular. Luce kept readers interested by focusing on individuals and having reporters write concisely so that each weekly issue could be read in under an hour by its professional audience. Many weekly news magazines have followed Time, and the company Luce founded today encompasses nearly 90 titles.
|
|
|
“New Journalism”: literary journalism; underground newspapers
|
New Journalism, a term made by Tom Wolfe, is a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s through the 1980s that was more subjective than objective as compared to modern journalism and is found in early magazines such as the Rolling Stone and The Atlantic Monthly. “New Journalism inspires journalists today,causing journalists to be experimental as well,in styles, forms, and practice,” encouraging journalists be to "simultaneously creative, personal, and true." (Fakazis)
|
|
|
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, Watergate
|
In 1972, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward reported to the Washington-Post on the Watergate scandal, in which the Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., was burglarized by people directed by high-ranking officials in the Nixon administration. Nixon tried, but was unable, to cover up his administration’s involvement in the crime, so he resigned as president in 1974 to avoid facing impeachment.Many people became interested in journalism and how it could make a difference.
|
|
|
Cable News Network
|
Cable News Network also known as CNN was formed by Ted Turner in 1980 in Atlanta, GA. Ted Turner wanted to reach a larger audience with his father’s company by making CNN the first 24-hour news channel. Cable News Network affects journalism today because it gives people 24-hour news; 24 hour news refers to investigation and commitment of news with fast paced lifestyles. 24-hour news isn’t always good because the news is changing so quick that not everyone can keep up.
|
|
|
USA Today
|
USA Today started in 1982 as a national daily newspaper seeking to reach a wide audience with an emphasis on design, graphics, and a simple, upbeat style. Local newspapers now emphasize design and graphics much more than the “old gray” look they had before USA Today.
|
|
|
Tim Berners-Lee
|
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, an Internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing at the CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in 1989 in the UK. By allowing virtually anyone to connect to the Internet, Berners-Lee expanded the reach of information consumption and production.
|
|
|
Telecommunications Act of 1996
|
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on February 8th, 1996. It is a law that allows anyone to enter any communications business, which then stimulates competition in telecommunications services. This law largely affected how companies were able to distribute and use sources of media such as the Internet and cable television. Today it is possible for large corporations such as AT&T and Sprint to compete against each other for customers that use their telecommunication services. Local media companies before 1996 have mainly been taken over by larger, international media conglomerates.
|
|
|
Fox News Channel, narrowcasting
|
Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes founded Fox News Channel in 1996, which is an American news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group that was viewable in more than 17 million homes across America in its first broadcast. Murdoch, after being successful in Fox Broadcasting Company, wanted to expand in the TV market, so he tried to purchase CNN and failed, which led him to create his own cable news channel, with Republican political consultant Roger Ailes. When it started, Fox News claimed to be a “fair and balanced” alternative to the liberal media. It affects journalism as one of the biggest representatives of narrowcasting, which changes journalism’s idea of reporting for everybody by directing the content to a specific group of people (conservatives in this case.) There are many other news channels that narrowcast as well, like MSNBC which is specifically directed to liberals instead.
|
|
|
Yahoo! News
|
-Yahoo! News is an internet-based news aggregator created by Yahoo in 2001, to expand on computer usage by making a new way to find news and current events easily on the web without going and looking at the print. Yahoo! News affects journalism today by making it easier to find information on the web, and to produce news that is available to the public by working online by creating websites that can be found by Yahoo!’s search engine.
|
|
|
Propublica
|
Propublica was founded by Paul Steiger in New York, NY in 2007. It is a media outlet still based in Manhattan that claims pride on reporting in the public interest. Propublica is different from many other media sources in that it is a non-profit newsroom that uses investigative journalism to produce content that satisfies the public interest.
|
|
|
Vice Media
|
Vice Media is a news outlet that was founded in 1994 in Brooklyn, NY by Suroosh Alvi & Shane Smith formerly working with Vice Magazine. Vice Media is very popular among the millennial generation and the youth in America. It offers news from a perspective that much of the new “socially aware” age can agree with.
|
