History Of Jewish Thought

Front 1

The rabbis of the Mishnah and Talmud saw themselves as the heirs of

Back 1

Pharisees

Front 2

Two Talmuds

Back 2

From Palestine and Babylonia

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Tanna

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A rabbi who lived before the Mishnah was completed (1st or 2nd centuries)

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Aggadah

Back 4

Legal material in the Talmud

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RaSHI

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11th century, one of the most famous Talmud commentators

Front 6

Baraita

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saying by a rabbi in the 1st or 2nd centuries NOT in the Mishnah

Front 7

Mishnah Torah

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most influential codification of Jewish law after the Mishnah and Talmud, by rabbi Joseph Caro

Front 8

Proem

Back 8

Introduction to a homily at the beginning of a complete Midrash or a chapter

Front 9

Darshan

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an type of ancient sermon

Front 10

Halachah

Back 10

Jewish law based primarily on the Talmud

Front 11

Shemoneh esreh

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A prayer that is the center of any Jewish religious service. Also known as the Amidah or the Tefilah.

Front 12

Shoah

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Hebrew word meaning "destruction"

Front 13

614th commandment

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"Do not despair"- Even after the Shoah, you cannot abandon your faith

Front 14

hester panim

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"hidden face" explanation using Psalm 44 that God hid His face during WWII

Front 15

Bialystok

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one of the last ghettos

Front 16

Mendelssohn's discussion about Jesus

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Jesus followed Jewish law and rabbinic teachings to a tee, so how can Christians criticize Jews?

Front 17

Harry H Epstein

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Rabbi at Atlanta's Agudath Achim (1928-1982). An Orthodox rabbi who wrote creative sermons on things such as Thanksgiving and other secular American things in order to connect these ideas with Jewish thought. Also instituted services on Friday and Sunday, and fundraising.

Front 18

Herzl proposes a Jewish state in which places?

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Argentina and Palestine

Front 19

Usury

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The practice of lending money. Forbidden for Catholics and one of the only jobs allowed for Jews

Front 20

3 theological concepts of Judaism

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1. God revealed commandments/Torah on Mt. Sinai

2. There is one God

3. Reward/punishment system for observation of commandments

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Moses Mendelssohn

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Born in 1729 in Germany, known for Jerusalem and Biur, translated the Hebrew bible into German. First Jew in modern times to immerse himself in general culture

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Sholom aleichem

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"peace be with you"

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Aliyah

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"going up", a word used to describe going to the holy land. Happened in 5 waves

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Bilu

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Idealistic group wanting to go to Palestine

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Doyket

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People need to stay where they are and thrive in the diaspora

Front 26

Einsatzgruppen

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Paramilitary group in 1939 targeting Jews, Polish intellectuals, and Catholic clergy

Front 27

Balfour Declaration

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Palestine should be reconstituted as the Jewish national home

Front 28

The Churchill White Paper (1922)

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Jews have created a national home legally, so the British should recognize it as a community

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White Paper of 1939

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British directive to curtail and then stop Jewish immigration to Palestine

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Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry (1946)

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Created a bi-national state under UN supervision, issued 100,000 certificates for Nazi-persecuted Jews

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UNSCOP 1947

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Diplomats with no relevance to Palestine recommend partition with Jerusalem in neither state

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Reform Views

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-Torah is product of human thought, not divine authority

-Don't follow Mitzvot

-Omit prayers and abridge service

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Leo Pinsker

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society for spread of culture among Jews of Russia. But pogroms were his turning point and he advocated for zionism

Front 34

Aaron David Gordon

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1856-1922. Jews need to do hard labor and be people of the land to build a new country