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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Islam
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Religion
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Muslim
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"submission" someone who follows Islam
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Mecca
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Main center of trade
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Kabba
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Large stone building in Center of Mecca, Muhammad rededicates, part of the Hajj
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Yathrib/Medina
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In a family fued, wanted a 3rd party mediator, left in the Hijra, "city of the prophet"
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Hijra
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622 CE
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Umma
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Community of believers, all = in God's eyes
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Ali
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M's son in law, married to fatima, Shi'it Ali thought he should be caliph, moved * to Kufa
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Karijites
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First sect in Islam, killed Ali
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Shi'at Ali
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Wanted Ali to be Caliph
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Abu Bakr
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First Caliph
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Fatima
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Married to Ali, M's duaghter, Egypt and Fatimids
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Umayyad clan
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Last family in Mecca to accept Islam
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Muawiya
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Govenor of Syria, $, wanted Ali to resign, first Umayyad Caliph
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Muslim Conquests
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establishment of social and religious order based on Quran
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Umayyad Caliphate
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* to damascus, Muawiya, 750 CE
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Karbala
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Husayn sees town waiting, party is killed, 10 Muharam 680
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Imam
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Leader that has "secret" understanding
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Abbasid Revolution
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Anti Umayyad, New dynasty, 750-1258 CE, converts, * Bagdad, slave soldiers
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Bagdad
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* during abassid revolution
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1258 CE
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Mongols sack Bagdad, end of abassid caliphate
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Shariah
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Broad set of rules, constition, "way or path"
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Fiqh
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Law, actual rules and punishments, criminal code
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Quran
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"speech of God" Muhammads revalation
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Hadith
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"report" sayings and words of Muhammad, actions, compliled by Ulama
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Mahdi
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12th Imam, Husayns decendant, sunni believe, but shi'it believe he is the 12th Imam
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5 Pillars of Islam
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1. Testifying
2. Prayer 3. Almsgiving 4. Fasting during ramadan 5. Pilgramage (hajj) |
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6 Pillars of Faith
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1. Unity of God
2. Angels 3. Prophets 4. Holy Books 5. Day of Judgement 6. Will of God |
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Arabic Science
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Islam was separate, written in arabic
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Shifr
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Zero (0)
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Place System
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0, 1-9, arabic numerals
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Al-Khwarizmi
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Wrote Al-Jabr (book of algebra), Algarithm
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Al-Razi
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Physician, head of hospital in bagdad, just reason alone, clinical studies, medical encyclopedia
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Ibn Sina
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Docter and Philosopher, *neoplationism* conjunction
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Hasan Ibn al-Haytham
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Optics,based work on Euclid
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Science vs. Religion
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Seperate, not a threat
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Neoplatonism
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Plotinus, "forms" exist in God's mind
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Ibn Rushd
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Based on aristotle, books were burned, religion and reasoning
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Mutazilites
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Philosophers, Ulama, rationalists wanted to prove the Quran
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Nature of the Quran
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Eternal
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Al-Kindi
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Earliest muslim philosopher, R & R work together, we need them both
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Al-Ashari
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professor of Al-Gazali
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Al-Ghazali
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3 brothers, limits of rationalism, started assault against mutazulites
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Utalitarian Art
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Useful art, rugs, furniture, plates, etc.
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Caligraphy
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Writing, arabic script, used in architecture
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Arabesue
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Repeating geometric patterns
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Willful Ambiguity
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Visual pun "optical illusion" never ending pattern
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Dhimmi
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Non-muslims, living under muslim rule, rights but not =, clothes to identify
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Al-Andalus
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Muslim arabic name for pennisula, (spain and portugal) "vandals"
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Reconquista
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process, Northern Christians against Southern Muslims, lead them out of Iberian Penn. 1050-1492
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Granada
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Kingdom, * of spain for muslims, last place to stand of reconquista, 1492
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Sack of Jerusalem
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by knights of first crusade, hostility of E and W
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Ottomans
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Dynasty, gunpowder
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1453
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Ottomans began rule of constantinople
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Janissaries
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Elite of Ottoman army, slave soldiers
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Topkapi Palace
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Headquaters, sultan and family lived here
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Safavids
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dynasty, Empire in Iran, semi-divine, shi'i Islam as state religion
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Mughal Empire
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Dynasty, descended from Timur Lank, ruled much of India
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Akbar
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"for akbar, it was emperors, not saints who should run things," authority
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Southeast Asia
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Former elite groups remained in power but converted to Islam
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Achec
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First region of modern day Indonesia
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Silk Road
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Main artery of culural and religous diffusion, china, central asia, and ME, extensive network of trade and routes
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Revivalist movements
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18th century
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Wahhabis
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earlier revival movement, converted family of Al-Saud
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Taliban
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"students"
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Al-Qaeda
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"the base"
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