History Of French Cinema Final Studyguide

Front 1

Genre

Back 1

a group of films that share a set of narrative conventions, stylistic, and thematic characteristics or conventions

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Subgenre

Back 2

a group of films within a given genre that share their own specific set of conventions that differentiate them from other films in the genre

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Hybrid

Back 3

a film that fuses the conventions of two or more genres

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4 Major American Genres

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Western
Film Noir
Action Film
Musical

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Western

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Two categories:
male hero helps restore law and order to a community by killing band of notorious outlaws

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Cinema du look

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- favors style of substance
- often focuses on young, alienated characters
- are movies with slick visual style

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Cahiers du Cinema is

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an influential film journal

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Alfred Hitchcock's career epitomized the director as auteur because

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He used his celebrity status to market his films

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French Cinema of the 1980s is in competition with Hollywood because:

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- Of a tendency where there are more American films that French films in the theaters
- Production costs are too high for the French

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Auteur theory proposes that the ____ is the primary creative source for a film

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Director

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Genre

Back 11

a group of films that share a set of narrative conventions, stylistic, and thematic characteristics or conventions

Front 12

Subgenre

Back 12

a group of films within a given genre that share their own specific set of conventions that differentiate them from other films in the genre

Front 13

Hybrid

Back 13

a film that fuses the conventions of two or more genres

Front 14

4 Major American Genres

Back 14

Western
Film Noir
Action Film
Musical

Front 15

Western

Back 15

Two categories:
male hero helps restore law and order to a community by killing band of notorious outlaws

Front 16

Cinema du look

Back 16

- favors style of substance
- often focuses on young, alienated characters
- are movies with slick visual style

Front 17

Cahiers du Cinema is

Back 17

an influential film journal

Front 18

Alfred Hitcock's career epitomized the director as auteur because

Back 18

He used his celebrity status to market his films

Front 19

French Cinema of the 1980s is in competition with Hollywood because:

Back 19

- Of a tendency where there are more American films that French films in the theaters
- Production costs are too high for the French

Front 20

Auteur theory proposes that the ____ is the primary creative source for a film

Back 20

Director

Front 21

Genres play a significant role in shaping audience expectations TF

Back 21

True

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Orson Welles' career illustrates how a director embraced by the public as an auteur could use this popularity to wield control within the Hollywood studio system TF

Back 22

False, that was Hitchcock

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The emergence of blockbusters and the shift toward a more corporate entertainment environment in the 1980s and 1990s effectively killed off the idea of the auteur TF

Back 23

False, it only changed the auteur theory

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Historically, French film directors wrote or co-wrote the films they made

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True

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Cinema du look is a mix of high culture and pop culture

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True

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Steven Spielberg and George Lucas are often associated with the French Cinema Du Look TF

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False, associated with blockbuster auteur/new Hollywood

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Point of view shot

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A technique in which the audience temporarily shares the visual perspective of a character or a group of characters

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Storyboard

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a series of individual drawing that provides a blueprint for the shooting of a scene

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slow motion

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a technique of filming at a speed faster than projection, then projecting the footage at normal speed of 24 frames/second

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fast motion

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recording images at a slower speed than the speed of projection

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eye-level shot

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a shot taken from a level camera located approximately 5'-6' from the ground, simulating the perspective of a person standing before the action presented

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Dutch angle shot

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a shot resulting form a static camera that is tilted to the right or the left, so that the subject in the frame appears at a diagonal

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Pan

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the horizontal turning movement of an otherwise immobile camera across a scene form left to right or vice versa

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Steadicam

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a device worn by a camera operator that holds the motion picutre camera, allowing it to glide smoothly through spaces unreachable by cameras mounted on a crane or other apparatus

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fish-eye lens

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Extreme wide-angle lens

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fog filters

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Glass filters whose surface is Etched with spots that reflect light, so they create the appearance of water droplets in the air

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Zoom lens

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A lens with a variable focal length that allows changes of focal length while keeping the subject in focus

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Depth of field refers to

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the size of the space around the primary subject that is in focus

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Tilt

Back 39

the technique of tipping the camera vertically while it remains secured to a tripod

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Film stock

Back 40

Thin, flexible material comprised of base and emulsion layers, which is processed in chemical to produce film images

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Overhead shot

Back 41

a shot taken from a position directly above the action, also called a "bird's eye shot"

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Dutch Angle

Back 42

A shot resulting from a static camera that is tilted to the right or left, so that the subject in the frame appears at a diagonal

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Establishing shot

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a shot used to provide a clear representation of the location of the action

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Visual effects

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optical illusions created during post-production

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Gauge

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size of film

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Filter

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A device used to manipulate the amount and/or color of light entering the lens

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Extreme long shot

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When the human subject is very small in relation to the surrounding environment

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Extreme close-up

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A shot taken from a vantage point so close that only a part of the subject is visible

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Fade-out

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Where the image slowly recedes until the screen is completely black

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Hard light

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Light emitted form a relatively small source, positioned close to the subject; creates deep shadows and emphasizes surface imperfections

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Cutaways

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Shots that focus the audience's attention on precise details that may or may not be the focus of characters

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Chiaroscuro

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Using contrasting areas of lightness and darkness to create compositional effects

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Shot/reverse shot

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a shot of one character will be followed by a shot of another character, taken form the reverse angle of the first shot

Front 54

Closure

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a characteristic of conventional narrative form, where the conclusion of the film wraps up all loose ends in a form of resolution

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High-angle shot

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a shot taken form a camera above the subject, looking down at it

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Soft light

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light emitted form a larger source; minimized facial details, including wrinkles

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Star system

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a system initially developed for marketing films by creating and promoting stars as objects of admiration

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Cinematographe

Back 58

First machine to show movie; one role in a big box. one viewer could look through a hole and the film would be played, often very short and simple

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Shot

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The building block of a scene; an uninterrupted sequence of frames that viewers experience as they watch a film, ending with a cut, fade, dissolve, etc. (Take)

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Cinematography

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creation of meaning in a movie through the use of the camera (angles, distance), light, filmstock, editing

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film noir

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a movement in cinema which started right after the WWs. people were pessimistic therefore movies were often depicted in a pessimistic way and very negative

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Wipe/push

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a shot transition during shot A appears to push shot B off the screen.

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Characters of New Wave Cinema

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- filming on location
- amateurish and unfinished look
- casting of unknown actors for leading roles
- small budgets

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Tempo in editing can be affected by

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- length of each shot
- the type of shot transition

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Loose framing represents

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a sense of freedom

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Narrative sequencing

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The arrangement of images to depict a unified story time (cause and effect)

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Wipe

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a scene transition in which the first frame of the incoming scene appears to push the last frame of the previous scene off the scene horizontally

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Parallel editing

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A technique of cutting back and forth between action occurring in two different locations, which often creates the illusion that hey are happening simultaneously (cross cutting)

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Tableau shot

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a long shot in which the film frame resembles the proscenium arch of the stage, distancing the audience

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re-establishing shot

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a shot appears during or near the end of a scene and re-orients viewers to the setting

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Continuity error

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any noticeable but unintended discrepancy from one shot to the next in costume, props, hairstyle, posture, etc.

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promotion

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materials intentionally released by studios to attract public attention to films and their stars. It differs form publicity, which is information that is not intentionally disseminated by studios

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star persona

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public identity created by marketing a film actor's performances, press coverage, and "personal" information to fans as the star's personality

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jump cut

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an abrupt, inexplicable shift in time and place of an action not signaled by an appropriate shot transition

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eyeline match

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a continuity editing technique that preserves spatial continuity by using a character's line of vision as motivation for a cut

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400 blows is a French New Wave movie because

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- it has a low-budget approach
- it uses novelty editing

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attributes of editing

Back 77

collage, timing, tempo

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____ is when two shots are juxtaposed in a way that emphasizes their visual similarities

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graphic match

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the standard shot pattern that directors use to film conversations between two characters is

Back 79

shot/reverse shot

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One reason why filmmakers rely on editing is because it's easier to work with actors who might forget important lines of dialogue or blocking TF

Back 80

True

Front 81

The Cahiers du Cinema was an influential television show that promoted the "auteur theory" and went against conventional Hollywood-style storytelling TF

Back 81

False, it was an influential film magazine

Front 82

The Hollywood standard for editing is called visible, or uncontinuity editing TF

Back 82

False, it is continuity/ unnoticed editing

Front 83

The French film industry of the 1970s saw movies becoming more progressive and modern than before TF

Back 83

True

Front 84

Dissolve

Back 84

A shot transition that involves the gradual disappearance of the image at the same time that a new image gradually comes into views

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Fade out

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A shot transition where shot A slowly disappears as the screen becomes black BEFORE shot B appears (fade-in is opposite)

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180 degree rule

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a continuity editing rule for positioning the camera in order to maintain consistent screen direction. the camera does not move across an imagined line drawn between two characters, for example, because to do so would revers their position in the frame

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freeze frame

Back 87

a still picture in the course of a movie or TV film, made by running a series of identical frames or by stopping a reel or videotape at one desired frame