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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Old English (ending after the Norman Conquest) |
English - synthetic language - influenced by Latin and Old Norse - the lexicon was characterized by borrowings from contact languages |
First period of English history |
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Middle English |
Change in typology English - analytic language - continued Latin influences - strong influences of Norman dialects and Central French influence - Great Vowel Shift - standardization of the English language |
Second period of the English history |
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Early Modern English |
Drastic change in Europe (Reformation, Renaissance , discovery of America) English - continued influence of Romance and Classic language on its lexicon - continuation of GVS - continuation of standardization
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Third period of English history |
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Modern English (after 1750 ) |
English we know today |
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Succesful scientific models |
1 mechanistic physics 2 biological theory of evolution by natural selection |
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Grimm's law |
The Proto-Germanic consonant-shift where Proto-Indo-European (PIE) consonants changed in the Germanic branch |
Physics - describing the history of sounds-changes occurring in a language in terms of ,,laws,, |
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August Schleicher |
Expressed the theory of linguistic evolution , The Stammbaum or ,,family tree'' almost simultaneously with the appearance of Darwin's Origin of Species |
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Directional view (directionality of change) |
Languages could be classified into three types isolating languages agglutinating languages inflecting languages |
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Isolating languages |
Word consisted of a single unchanging root |
Chinese , Vietnamese |
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Agglutinating languages |
Words include affixes as well as root but the divison of the word into root and affixes is clear |
Turkish
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Inflecting Languages |
A single word includes a number of ,,units of meaning,, but one cannot assign these meaning-units to distinct portions of the entire word Synthetic and Analytical languages |
Sanskrit , Classical Greek , Latin |
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Areal classification |
Linguistic similarities which have arisen from cultural contact and geographical proximity |
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Genealogical classification |
Linguistic similarities that result from being descedants of a common proto-language (language families) |
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Typological classification |
Structural similarities that are independent of geographical influences or genealogical affiliation |
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Joseph Greenberg |
The syntactic approaches to typology . Developed a typology of word order types |
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