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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The earliest settlers arrived in Britain when? |
About 300,000 B.C.E. |
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Prior to the arrival of the Beaker people, Britain's maximum population was about |
200 to 300 people |
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The earliest settlers of England lived what sort of lifestyle? |
Hunter-gatherer |
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The Beaker people arrived in England when? |
C. 3500 B.C.E. |
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The Beaker people had what kind of lifestyle? |
Agricultural |
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Were the Beaker people exclusive to the British isles, or did they also live in Europe? |
They lived in Europe, too |
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Why are the Beaker people called that? |
Because of their distinctive pottery beakers |
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Who built Stonehenge? |
The Beaker people, though it was later maintained and used by the Celts |
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How many henges have been found in Britain? |
Over 900 |
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What's the purpose of Stonehenge? ♫ |
Probably a religious site, possibly an ancient observatory |
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What does Stonehenge tell us about Beaker culture? (Two things) |
1. It was a fairly stable society -- the generations who started Stonehenge expected their descendants to be around to finish it. 2. There was a division of labor -- some people would work on the henge while others would farm. |
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What is the largest henge in Great Britain? |
Avebury Henge |
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Avebury Henge was once used as a _________, but it's unclear if this was its original purpose or not. |
cattle market |
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What is New Grange? |
A tomb in Ireland |
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At this ancient site, a hole in the ceiling casts a beam of sunlight in only on the summer solstice. |
New Grange |
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What is Salisbury Hill? |
steppe pyramid in S. England |
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This ancient site in South England is a steppe pyramid. |
Salisbury Hill |
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This ancient site in South England was created by cutting away dirt to expose the stone below. |
the chalk horse |
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How was the Chalk Horse created? |
By cutting away dirt to expose the chalk below |
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What eventually happened to the Beaker people? |
They were absorbed by the Celtic people |
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What eventually happened to the ancient sites created by the Beakers? |
They were used and maintained by the Celts |
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When did the Celts come to England? |
They came in waves between 1000 and 75 B.C.E. |
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When did the main wave of Celts arrive in England? |
750 B.C.E. |
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Were the Celts exclusive to the British isles, or did they also live in Europe? |
They lived in Europe too |
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Did the Celts use iron or bronze weapons? What about the Beakers? |
The Celts used iron weapons; the Beakers used bronze. |
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What kind of sword did the Celts have that the Beakers didn't have? |
double-edged |
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Why did the Celts have an agricultural advantage over the Beaker culture? |
They had iron chest plates for their horses, allowing them to pull heavier ploughs |
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Why was iron a better weapon material than bronze? (2 reasons) |
Iron is stronger than bronze, and also more plentiful. |
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Who were the Belgae? |
The final tribe of Celts to come into England before the Romans |
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When did the Belgae come to England? |
75 B.C.E. |
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What sort of writing system did the Celts have? |
They didn't have any written language. |
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Although the Celts and the Romans were fairly evenly matched in one-on-one fights, the Romans were triumphant overall because... |
the Romans used formations, whereas the Celts were scattered and disorganized |
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How were the classes divided up in Celtic society? |
1. Warrior class 2. Druids 3. Artisans 4. Farmers, freemen, peasants 5. Slaves |
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What were the druids? |
Celtic religious leaders who also served as historians and judges |
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What does the term 'druid' mean? |
Possibly from the Indo-European 'dru' strong + 'wid' knowledgeable; alternatively, 'drus' is a type of tree + 'wid' |
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How did Julius Caesar claim the new chief druid was selected when the chief druid died? |
A fight to the death between potential new chiefs |
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What is it with Celts and heads? |
The Celts liked to draw heads and faces on a lot of their art, and also liked to collect the heads of their enemies and arrange them decoratively by their forts |
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How did Celtic society see women? |
Fairly positively; there are multiple reports of women soldiers among the Celts |
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What about Celts, Romans, and clothing? |
The Celts wore pants. The Romans wore togas, and thought the Celts were weird. |
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What were slaves' place in Celtic society? |
Slaves were usually captives from enemy tribes. Celtic society did not depend as heavily on slaves as Roman society did. |
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What did the Celts build? |
Hill forts and stockades |
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What are the common features of Celtic art? (4 things) |
Geometric patterns, animals, faces, heads |
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What act of worship did the Celts practice that the Romans most abhorred? |
Human sacrifice |
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5 reasons the Romans thought the Celts were weirdos |
1. The heads thing 2. The pants thing 3. The women soldiers thing 4. The no writing thing 5. The human sacrifice thing |
