History Of Education In Canada 323 #2

Front 1

Emile, or on Education

Back 1

A fictitious idea about education. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 1. Naturalistic approach 2. Sensual Knowledge 3. Child centred learning 4. Stages of Development 5. Teacher/Tutor as Neutral Manipulator 6. Product= Autonomous individual
-isolate children from society
-children born good but get corrupted
-knowledge comes from senses
-natural drive to learn
-tutor plays control but also absent
-no positions of authority

Front 2

Freidrich Froebel

Back 2

German, bad childhood (girls boarding school). Student of pestalozzi. Kindergarten 1837. Ideas: Centrality of play, readiness to learn, prepared classroom and "manipulatives" (gifts and occupations). spontaneous play. Play is an engine that drives learning, play is happy work. Children only lean what they want and when they're ready.Kindergarten - prepared and enticing environment to learn but also controlled.

Front 3

Progressive Education

Back 3

this is a huge topic. Rousseau, Pessatlozzi, Froebel, John Dewey, expansion of curriculum, Child welfare movement, kindergarten.
-Emphasis on learning by doing –hands-on projects, experiential learning
-Integration of entrepreneurship in to education
-Strong emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking
-Group work and development of social skills
-Understanding goals of learning as opposed to rote knowledge
-Collaborative and cooperative learning projects
-Education for social responsibility and democracy
-Highly personalized education accounting for each individual's personal goals
-Integration of community service projects into the daily curriculum
-Selection of subject content by looking forward to ask what skills will be needed in future society
-De-emphasis on textbooks in favour of varied learning resources
-Emphasis on lifelong learning and social skills
-Assessment by evaluation of child’s projects and production

Front 4

Manual Training

Back 4

boys woodshop. effects of industrialization. disappearing apprenticeship. less employed crafters, more factory workers. due to poverty school was previously not useful to boys. William Macdonald. Metal, Wood, Hand tools, construction. teaches self control and limits bad behaviour.

Front 5

Sir William Macdonald

Back 5

tobacco guy. William Macdonald supports manual training to create better workers so he supplies funding. See Manual Training.HE also gives money to Agricultural studies.

Front 6

Adelaide Hoodless

Back 6

fought for domestic science. Hamilton middle-class home-maker. son died from drinking contaminated milk. national president of YWCA 1894. established council of women. asked for macdonald support. tried many times to get ontario to teach classes, finally got sewing and cooking in 1904. social reform, household economies - wanted budgeting, health, childcare, domestic science should teach "value of pure air, proper food, economy of time, management, labour, money, home life ideals, prevention of disease, care for a child, home nursing, sanitation, emergencies.

Front 7

Agricultural Studies

Back 7

farming. people feared for ag (commerical take over, students in farming wont attend school - make it practical). students gardening program "rural science" planting seeds. especially in quebec trying to hold on to farming tradition. see rural school problem. federal gov gives 10 mil for ten years (also to technical education). Macdonald also contributed here. 1913 ag instruction act.

Front 8

Rural School Problem

Back 8

too far away, lack of teachers, temporary. only 1 room, no separate grades, hard to maintain #s. Problems: 1. people migrating out/away 2. couldnt secure teachers 3. curriculum not practical enough (ag)
Inspectors were overly positive due to potential job promotions. Schools were isolated and hard to reach. Consolidation- close smaller schools and squish into one big school

Front 9

The Triumph of Formalism

Back 9

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Front 10

John Dewey

Back 10

American Philosopher 1859-1952. Learning by doing. Activity based. Meaningful subjects. felt that lived and real experiences were all that count and that abstract is worthless. he believed in on absolutes, only grey areas. wanted engaging projects and active participation. skill based subjects like domestic science, trades. school isnt prep for life= it is life. promoted social studies. felt school was necessary for integrating into democratic and industrial world. school express themselves. Deweys perspective gets respected and becomes dominant. progressive education. concern with interaction and environments for learning provide a framework for practise.

Front 11

Indian Residential Schools

Back 11

Boarding schools come from Euro. School to be transformative. anciet civilizations agreed its the best way. Gradual Civilization Act gave grants to res schools. Trying to convert to farming. Assimilation. Give up tribe and treaty rights to go to school. Davin Commission report:recommends separate schools and public funding. illegal for families not to send children by Indian Act Amendment 1884. Many communities has crisis like over hunting and starvation so welcomed res schools out of desperation. Practical school, only spent half day in classroom (vocational skills). Taught economic self sufficiency. Church had most of control. "Kill the Indian in the Child". 4 R's (reading, writing, arithmetic, religion), . 1980s movements.

Front 12

Kuper Island Residential School

Back 12

Assault on children, families, culture, self government, on going, Canadians not see their own true history. Some students died trying to escape the school by swimming away, others many years later by suicide, substance abuse, car crashes. Cant go home. Parents not visit, no siblings together.Punished for saying traditional prayers. Assigned a number. Couldn't talk about abuse with anyone. Find recovery through talking groups many years later. Life long struggle.