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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who determined that cancer was caused by chronic exposure to an environmental agent?
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Percivall Pott
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How did Percivall Pott connect environmental agents to cancer? And what year was the observation made?
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Observing Chimney Sweepers
1775 |
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What century was the beginning of the microscopic era?
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19th century
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Who established the cell theory by demonstrating that animals and humans are composed of microscopic structures?
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Theodore Schwann
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Who was Theodore Schwann's boss and what did he do?
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Johannes Mueller- Schwanns boss composed a book of nearly 100 gross and microscopic drawings.
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What main point did Mueller write in his book?
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wrote that cancer cells consists of unique microscopic features which serve to identify them but is still difficult to distinguish malignant from benign lesions
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Who contributed more to the advancement of macroscopic and microscopic understanding of tumors than any of his contemporaries?
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Rudolf Virchow - pathologist in mid 1800s
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Virchow provided what with his microscopic understanding?
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provided first microscopic description and illustration of several benign and malignant tumors including:
1. Condyloma 2. Carcinoma of the Penis 3. Carcinoma of the Lip |
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Who gained worldwide recognition for introducing his technique of radical mastectomy in 1891?
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William S. Halsted
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What did Halsted's technique of radical mastectomy consist of?
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1. Wide skin excision
2. sharp dissection of the breast 3. removal of the pectoralis major muscle 4. division of the pectoralis minor muscle 5. complete cleaning out of the axillary lymph nodes *advised to remove all in one piece |
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Bergonie and Tribondeau in 1906 observed that:
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immature cells and cells in an active state of division are more vulnerable to radiation
than cell that are well differentiated and not actively dividing. |
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Whose observation paved the way for radiation therapy?
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Bergonie and Tribondeau
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The 19th century was deemed the "microscopic era" what pathologist contributed more to the advancement of macroscopic and microscopic understanding of tumors than any of his contemporaries ?
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Rudolf Virchow
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Was therapy still in its infancy in the first decades of the 20th century?
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Yes
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What were 3 major setback in making the treatments mainstream?
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1.Setbacks in manufacturing
2.Unsettled instrumentation 3.Cost |
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What cancers were the majority of the earliest attempts in radiation therapy treatment?
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breast and cervical cancer
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treatments consisted of what type of radiation?
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x-ray radiation
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Who noticed soldiers that survived for several days after being poisoned by mustard gas developed profound leukopenia?
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Krumbhaar
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Later it was demonstrated that certain tumors temporarily react which way to mustard gas?
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They temporarily decrease in size
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When was mustard gas used as conventional treatment?
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1940s
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